tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87452533910015763102024-02-07T20:29:14.716+09:00医者のビジネス力ビジネス書の紹介Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.comBlogger91125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-7280463778146044382014-08-27T18:00:00.000+09:002014-08-27T18:00:02.119+09:00やってのける<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
<span class="a-size-large" id="productTitle"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-~%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%8A%9B%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AB%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%82%92%E5%8B%95%E3%81%8B%E3%81%99~-%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3/dp/4479794123/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1409100456&sr=8-1&keywords=%E6%9C%AC%E3%80%80%E3%82%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B" target="_blank">やってのける ~意志力を使わずに自分を動かす</a></span></span><br />
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<em>ハイディ・グラント・ハルバーソン</em><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標達成能力、自己管理能力、幸福感を高めるための</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">最適なアプローチを研究している、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">モチベーションと目標達成の分野の第一人者の社会心理学者による</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標達成に関する内容です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者は、<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">目標を達成する能力は、誰でも必ず伸ばすことができる</b>と断言します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、あらゆる目標が簡単に達成できる</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの方法のような単純なものでないと言います。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">内容は大きく分けて、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標の作成と作成された目標の実行方法のふたつに分かれますが、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標作成に関してまとめました。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標達成の過程で直面する問題の多くは、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">シンプルな条件型計画</b>』によって解決できます。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">条件型計画は、行動機会を逃さない、障害物を避ける、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不安や自信喪失に対処する、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">問題に直面しても粘り強く努力するなどさまざまな効果をもたらします。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">何</span></b><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">をするか決める:具体的な明確な行動を設定する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">時間</span></b><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">と<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">場所</b>を決める:その行動をいつどこで実行するのか決める</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">障害物を明らかにする:その対処をあらかじめ考えておく</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)『<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">証明型</b>』の目標と、『<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">習得型</b>』の目標</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分の能力を証明することに重点を置く『証明型』の目標は、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">順調に進む場合、やる気を高め、目覚しいパフォーマンスを導きます。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかしうまくいかないときは自分に能力がないと早々に結論づけるため、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">簡単に諦めてしまう傾向があります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">能力を伸ばすことに重点を置く『習得型』の目標は、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">困難を乗り越えやすくなります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ネガティブな経験を、改善のチャンスと捉えるからです。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">習得型の目標を持っていると、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">到達までの道のりに興味や楽しさを見出しやすくなります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">よい計画を立てやすくなり、必要な時に適切な助けを求めやすくなります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一般に、証明型より習得型の方が望ましいと言えます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3)『<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">獲得型</b>』と『<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">防御型</b>』</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
</div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">獲得型のフォーカスでは、『手に入れたいもの、達成したいこと』に注目します。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">防御型のフォーカスでは、『守るべきもの、しなければならないこと』に注目します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
</div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">獲得型の志向は、楽観主義によってモチベーションが上がり、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">困難を乗り越えやすくなります。防御型の目標の場合、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">過度の楽観は油断につながるので、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">やや悲観的なくらいがちょうどいいと言えます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">獲得型志向は、機会を逃すことを嫌い、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リスクを承知でできるだけ行動を取ろうとします。</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">防御型志向は、ミスを犯すことを恐れるために、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">確実な成功が期待できない限り、行動を取ろうとしません。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
</div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">たいていの人は、獲得型か防御型かどちらかへの偏りがあります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ただし、状況や目標のタイプによって、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">どちらの志向が適切か把握して適切にアプローチすることが大切です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>やる気がわかないとき⇒</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">モチベーションを高め挫折しないためには『なぜ』を考える。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">また防御型の思考によって、失敗すると失うものをイメージすると効果的です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>難しくて不慣れな行動をするとき⇒</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『何』の視点から考える</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標を具体的に設定する。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">習得型の目標を持てば、失敗しながらも繰り返しながら少しずつ成長することができます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>誘惑に負けそうな時⇒</strong>なぜの思考、防御型の思考</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>スピードが必要なとき⇒</strong>獲得型の目標</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>正確さが求められる⇒</strong>防御型の目標</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>創造性が求められるとき⇒</strong>獲得型の目標</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>過程を楽しみたい時⇒</strong>習得型の目標を、自発的に設定する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-52256255772561946192014-06-18T18:00:00.000+09:002014-08-27T10:04:12.237+09:00人を動かす新たな3原則<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%92%E5%8B%95%E3%81%8B%E3%81%99%E3%80%81%E6%96%B0%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AA3%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87-%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E8%AA%B0%E3%82%82%E3%81%8C%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-%E3%83%80%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF/dp/4062171457/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1403067958&sr=8-1&keywords=%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%80%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" target="_blank">人を動かす新たな3原則 売らないセールスで誰もが成功する!</a><br />
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<em>ダニエル・ピンク</em><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJkGrPRHDoyJGQH-DG_WGI-ezAYolkLZ8TjLEIowRqzegbpq4dgqgoG99Ko3q1t4Iw1e_oWtmqToIj42yUniNlDwP1rErZBHMRBuGocrz2JuIL7vG4KTxDoOFXKvBn9TFEkj99AhYS2us/s1600/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJkGrPRHDoyJGQH-DG_WGI-ezAYolkLZ8TjLEIowRqzegbpq4dgqgoG99Ko3q1t4Iw1e_oWtmqToIj42yUniNlDwP1rErZBHMRBuGocrz2JuIL7vG4KTxDoOFXKvBn9TFEkj99AhYS2us/s1600/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『<a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.jp/2010/08/blog-post_29.html" target="_blank">ハイ・コンセプト</a>』『<a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_1658804058">モチベーション</a></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3.0</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』に続いてのピンク本です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">相変わらずわかりやすく頭にすっと入ってくる内容です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個人的には内容自体は目新しい内容は少なく、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以前の本と比べるとスケールの小ささを感じましたが、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それでも、こうした概念を理解しておくことは役立つと思います。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">今回の内容は『<strong>セールス</strong>』についてです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">えー、セールスなんて自分には関係ないよと思った人もいるかもしれませんが、</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">今回は、セールスはセールスでも『<strong>売らないセールス</strong>』についてです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">現在、職場で過ごす時間の</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">40</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%が、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">売らない売り込み</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-購入行為に誰ひとり関与せずに、他人を説得し、影響を与え、納得させること-</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">にあてられている。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">たとえかなりの時間を費やす必要があるとしても、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">この側面は仕事で成功を収めるうえで不可欠だとみなされている。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以下の</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">4</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの質問のうちひとつでも当てはまる人はセールスに関連しています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(4)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">教育か医療の分野で働いているか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医師は間違いなく売らない売り込みに関係していることになります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">売らない売り込みには、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの有益な特質と、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの重要な能力があります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まずは</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの有益な特質から。それは、同調、浮揚力、明確性です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>同調</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他者や集団、背景との調和をもたらす力です。同調には</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの原則があります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">1)</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分ではなくひとの視点を理解して、その人の目を通して理解する(視点取得)。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 39.6pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21.6pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">2)</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">相手に感情的に共感するだけではなく、相手の視点に立って考える。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 39.6pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21.6pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">3)</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">相手の真似をしていると気づかれないようにそれとなく真似る</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">また、セールスには外交的な性格が向いているような気がしますが、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">実際には両向的な性格が必要です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">②</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>浮揚力</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 18pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">精神的強靭さと楽観的見通しを併せ持つことが必要です。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他人を動かそうとするとき拒絶な大海と呼ぶ状態に必ず直面します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">③</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>明確性</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 18pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不透明な状況を理解する能力です。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">セールスには問題解決が重要だと考えられてきましたが、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">現代においては、問題発見の方が重要なのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">次に</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの重要な能力、ピッチ、即興、奉仕です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">① <strong>ピッチ</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ピッチとは売り向上、売り込みをかけることです。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">長年使用されてきたエレベーターピッチは時代遅れになってきています。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それに代わる6つのピッチが紹介されています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">② <strong>即興</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">完全に同調している場合でも、適切な浮揚力がある者でも、超明快な売り込みでも、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">失敗を避けられなかったらどうすべきか。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">経験豊富な即興劇のルールを学べば、説得力を高められる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">③ <strong>奉仕</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">通常のセールスでも、売らない売り込みにとっても重要となる。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人間味を持たせる、目的を持たせるという二つの原則がある。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-39301488195463099612014-04-21T18:00:00.000+09:002014-04-21T18:00:00.166+09:00スタンフォードの自分を変える教室<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><em>ケリー・マクゴニガル</em></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS 明朝;"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%82%92%E5%A4%89%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%A4-%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B4%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB/dp/4479793631/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1398045688&sr=8-1&keywords=%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%82%92%E5%A4%89%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%A4" target="_blank">スタンフォードの自分を変える教室</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS 明朝;"></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh7-YW96tUBsY0vjDHlUmmQ2Jud5jTapb413Y7mBRjFh7AbAdgh8bW31XSR_5S4K0yw3V8skt325v0B1LtZtLKEquR2HC9yq54thsz_4t-BC_9F2gNvQ8PIrtzKMugcyKmGYTxmYaGFLA/s1600/%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%82%92%E5%A4%89%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh7-YW96tUBsY0vjDHlUmmQ2Jud5jTapb413Y7mBRjFh7AbAdgh8bW31XSR_5S4K0yw3V8skt325v0B1LtZtLKEquR2HC9yq54thsz_4t-BC_9F2gNvQ8PIrtzKMugcyKmGYTxmYaGFLA/s1600/%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%82%92%E5%A4%89%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B.jpg" height="320" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">邦題は『スタンフォードの自分を変える教室』という他人に見られるのが小っ恥ずかしい題名です。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">おそらくハーバード白熱教室を意識し、読めば自分が変えられるという変身願望に訴えた題名なのでしょうが、こういう題名の方が売上伸びるのでしょうか?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ぼくは正直、この題名のおかげで読むこと避けていました。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さて、もともとの題名は『</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">The Willpower Instinct</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">』で、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意志力に関して科学的に考察し、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それを実践レベルに落とし込んだ内容となっています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者はスタンフォード大学の医学部健康増進プログラムにて、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">患者がストレスと上手に付き合い、健康的な選択をするためのお手伝いをしている健康心理学者および教育者です。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そのなかで、多くの人が自分の考えや感情、体や習慣を変えようとして苦労している姿に接する中で、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意志力に関する思い込みの多くが、成功を妨げ、不要なストレスを生んでいることに気がつきます。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そこで、スタンフォード大学生涯教育プログラム講座で『意志力の科学』という人気講座を立ち上げ、それをまとめたのが本書となります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><strong><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">Step</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意志力は、『やる力』、『やらない力』、『望む力』の3つがあることを意識する。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">瞑想は、意志力の増強に役立つ</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">動かずにじっと座る</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">呼吸に意識を集中する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">呼吸をしている時の感覚をつかみ、気が散り始めたら再び意識する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">4)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まずは1日5分からはじめ、時間を伸ばしていく</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">Step</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ストレスは意志力を低下させる</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">呼吸をゆっくりすれば意志力アップ(1分間に4-6回)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">グリーンエクササイズで意志力アップ(近所を5分間歩き回るだけでも</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">OK</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">睡眠の確保で意志力アップ(最低6時間は確保)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">4)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">体にリラクゼーションで意志力アップ(瞑想!)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<strong><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">Step</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意志力を鍛える</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">やるべきこと(やる力)、やってはいけないこと(やらない力)をひとつ決めて</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">具体的な行動に落とし込み、きちんと記録をつけて実行する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意志力の中でも、最強なのは『望む力』、誘惑に負けそうになったり、諦めそうになったら、いつでもこの力のことを思い出す</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">①</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">成功させたらあなたにどんないいことがありますか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 39pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo4; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">②</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">成功させたら周りにどんな恩恵をもたらしますか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 39pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo4; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">③</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">がんばって続けていけばだんだん楽になることを想像しましょう</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">お菓子の代わりにナッツを食べる</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">体に持久力のあるエネルギーを与えてくれる食べ物を補給</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 42pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"><strong> </strong></span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>注意1</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意志力のチャレンジを取り組むにあたり、道徳的によいことをしているような気分になると、良いことをした分、悪いことをしてもいいような勘違いを起こします。自己コントロール力を向上させるには、道徳的な善し悪しよりも、自分の目標や価値観をしっかりと認めましょう。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>注意2</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">欲望は、行動を起こすために脳が仕掛ける戦略です。欲望は自己コントロールを妨げる驚異にもなれば、意志力の源にもなります。欲望自体は良くも悪くもありません。大切なのは、欲望によって自分がどこに向かおうとしているか、そしてどういう場合なら欲望に従っていいか見極められるかなのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>注意3</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">落ち込んだり、ストレスを感じると誘惑に負けやすくなります</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ストレスを感じる情報を避けましょう(悪いニュースなど)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">失敗しても、投げやりにならず、自分を許しましょう</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">決心しただけで満足してませんか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">4)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ストレス解消法を実践しましょう</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>注意4</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">将来のことを思い描けずにいると、誘惑に負けたり、物事を先延ばしにしたりしてしまいます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">どんな誘惑を感じても、10分間待ってみましょう</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">逃げ道をなくす</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 39pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">①</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">決めたことを実行するために手を打っておく</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 39pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">②</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">望んでいることと逆のことをやりにくい状況を作る</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 39pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Century; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">③</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">モチベーションを与える</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">将来のことを思い描く</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>注意5</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意志力は周りの人達からの影響を受けます。そのせいで、他者の意志力にも誘惑にも感染します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>注意6</strong></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">思考や感情、欲求を押さえ込もうとするのは逆効果で、そうするとかえって自分がどうしても避けたいと思うことを考えたり、感じたり、行ってしまうこと</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-57257742299565308172014-02-19T18:00:00.000+09:002014-02-19T18:00:05.795+09:00構造主義科学論の冒険<em>池田 清彦</em><br />
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<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E8%AB%96%E3%81%AE%E5%86%92%E9%99%BA-%E8%AC%9B%E8%AB%87%E7%A4%BE%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%93%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB-%E6%B1%A0%E7%94%B0-%E6%B8%85%E5%BD%A6/dp/4061593323" target="_blank">構造主義科学論の冒険</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL41YqRCnZIvfRdajbBrngUdmJ6iZnYeAlgAF9TZy4JyQ6V3Rg06bj5Inj1Fa38RdlUSzKKedTaOcoD3Ol3mhs9Kta8nhV541IyTpWpm6xaJx0fYGCQAsRm7y8RINZyp8xoWLBTvTm7lY/s1600/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E8%AB%96.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL41YqRCnZIvfRdajbBrngUdmJ6iZnYeAlgAF9TZy4JyQ6V3Rg06bj5Inj1Fa38RdlUSzKKedTaOcoD3Ol3mhs9Kta8nhV541IyTpWpm6xaJx0fYGCQAsRm7y8RINZyp8xoWLBTvTm7lY/s1600/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E8%AB%96.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学哲学に関する内容と言っていいと思います。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まず、著者は、徐々に究極の真理に向かって近づきつつあるという既存の科学理論は、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ナイーブな(幼稚な)科学論だと、一蹴します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">確かに、現在の科学哲学において、外部世界が実在することを、</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">証明することは困難なのが実情です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本著では、実在するのは、『わたし』、『現象』、『コトバ(シニフィエ)』であり、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これによって外部世界は説明することができると言っています(多分)。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『わたし』は我思うが唯に存在します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『現象』はア・プリオリに存在します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『コトバ』とは、恣意性であるが、共通了解可能性を生み出す道具です。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者は、「コトバとは変なる現象から不変なるなにかを引き出すことができると</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">錯覚するための道具である」と言っています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ただ、現象をコトバによりコードするやり方に根拠はないといいます。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">コトバの最終規則をコトバによって言い表すことはできない(自己言及のパラドクス)ようです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その上で、二人の間で科学理論が共通了解可能になるのは、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">理論構造を作っているコトバのシニフィエ共通了解である必要は必ずしもなくて、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">構造の形式が同じであればいい。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学の客観性も、現象の一致やコトバのシニフィエの一致によってではなく、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">現象からシニフィエへの非明示的な変換形式と、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">シニフィエ間の明示的な関係形式の</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">種類の形式により支えられているということです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">書かれている内容に関して、理解するのに、苦労しましたが、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">内容としては多くのことが書いてあるわけではなく、内容も了解できます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">おそらく、哲学の世界ではこういう考え方に対しても、批判があるでしょうから、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それも知りたいところです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『コトバ』の重要性にもっと自覚的でありたいと思いました。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">症状なり、病名を、コトバに変換した瞬間に、それは実在してしまうのです。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それが、共通了解に役立って行けば良いのですが、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それが錯覚にすぎず誤解を生んでしまったり、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">実在させなくてもよかったものを実在させてしまったりする罪を生み出すこともあるでしょう。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-58554671526382937492014-01-15T10:20:00.000+09:002014-01-15T10:21:31.846+09:00サーバント・リーダー<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><em>ジェームズ・ハンター</em></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span id="btAsinTitle"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC-%E3%80%8C%E6%A8%A9%E5%8A%9B%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%82%E3%80%8C%E6%A8%A9%E5%A8%81%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E6%B1%82%E3%82%81%E3%82%88-%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC/dp/4903212351/ref=pd_sim_b_3" target="_blank">サーバント・リーダー 「権力」ではない。「権威」を求めよ</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJEF-CB9T08k2OumhE_phklOzUPgd7LtrmCtpN_jS9dXNB02Pw0NwvJFYM_4PeL0n969dBLYmwVIMTPLD_YKLP39wa4yxz68Ur7zgTqMhIRfrYSrXkcifli1mNana0xbDZqLOyjKBLp4/s1600/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJEF-CB9T08k2OumhE_phklOzUPgd7LtrmCtpN_jS9dXNB02Pw0NwvJFYM_4PeL0n969dBLYmwVIMTPLD_YKLP39wa4yxz68Ur7zgTqMhIRfrYSrXkcifli1mNana0xbDZqLOyjKBLp4/s1600/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-transform: capitalize;"></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> <span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップ関連で、最近、目にすることが多い</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">サーバントリーダーシップからの一冊です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">若くして大企業のゼネラルマネージャーになったものの最近仕事が上手くいかず、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">また妻とも子供とも、家庭もうまくいかなくなっているジョンが</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">修道院の修養会に行って、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以前フォーチュン</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">500</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">企業の重役だった伝説的人物レン・ホフマンという修道士に</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップに関して学んでいきます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ここでも以前紹介した</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.jp/2010/07/blog-post.html" target="_blank">『最高のリーダー、マネジャーがいつも考えているたったひとつのこと』</a>と同様に</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以下のようにリーダーシップを定義しています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">共通の利益になるとみなされた目標に向かって</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">熱心に働くよう</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人々に影響を与える技能</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"></span></o:p></span> </div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まずは、<strong>『権力』</strong>と<strong>『権威』</strong>の違いから入ります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">権力とは、たとえ相手がそうしたがらなくても、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">地位や力によって、自分の意思どおりのことを強制的にやらせる能力</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">権威とは、個人の影響力によって、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分の意思どおりのことを誰かに進んでやらせる技能です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">権威がないのに、権力を振るわれることほど不幸なことはありません。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップとは、権威をもってなすことができる『技能』であるのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それでは、権威という技能を身につけるためにはどうしたらいいのでしょうか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そのためには、相手の欲求ではなくニーズに答える必要があります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">欲求とは単にわがままであり、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ニーズとは人間として良い状態にあるため心身が求めるものです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">権威とは、そのニーズに応えるための、『奉仕と犠牲』で成り立つのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして奉仕と犠牲をもたらすためには、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">確固たる『意思』と愛と呼べるような『行動』が必要になります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つまり、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップとは意思から始まる。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それは、意図に沿った行動をし、行為を選ぶという人間ならではの能力です。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして、正しい意思があれば愛を選ぶことができる。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">この愛というのは動詞で、人々の欲求ではなく、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">正当なニーズを見極めてそれに応えることをさす。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人々のニーズに応えるとき、私たちは奉仕し、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">犠牲を払うことさえ求められる。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">でも他人に奉仕して犠牲を払うと、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">わたしたちは権威あるいは影響力を手にする。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そうやって人々に対する権威を得たとき、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーと呼ばれる権威をも手にする。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そのためには、正直で信頼できる、いいお手本である、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">愛情深い、献身的、話をよく聞く、人に責任を持たせる、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">敬意をもって人に接する、人を励ます、肯定的で熱心な態度、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人の価値を認めるといったことが必要になります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">権威を身につけるのに</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">必要な努力や、注意を払い、愛し、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人のために尽くすという仕事、新しい技能と行為を学ぶという必要な訓練といったことに関して、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そんな努力をする価値が本当にあるのでしょうか?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">なにせリーダーシップとは、奉仕と犠牲が強いられるのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、こうしたこと努力して行い、習慣にすることができれば、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">あなたの人生は実りあるものになるはずです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップという務めと愛は、人格の問題です。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">忍耐、優しさ、謙遜、無私、敬意、許し、正直、献身。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">長い時間に耐えうる卓越したリーダーになりたければ、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">こうした人格の基礎を習慣として身に付け、成熟させなければなりません。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップとは奉仕と犠牲からなる権威によってもたらされる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">たしかにそうかもしれません。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">だからこそ、現在、リーダーになることが多く避けられている気がします。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、年齢と共に多かれ少なかれ、リーダーシップは求められます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">子供を持ち親となったとき、誰でも犠牲と奉仕のもと、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップを発揮しているはずです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーシップとは技能なのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日々の努力で、身に付けていかなくてはならない技能なのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-31706400658168845132013-12-18T18:00:00.000+09:002013-12-18T18:00:01.814+09:00代替医療のトリック<em>サイモン シン</em><br />
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<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E4%BB%A3%E6%9B%BF%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF-%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3-%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3/dp/4105393057" target="_blank">代替医療のトリック</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuDq-uPQmU5T6EEKq9cltraYZxgUUgdhwCGtHDNRj5IDs6GjHxiMSwQNnIPyUoN_Cf5CVmL6mikIf1PoVEkcWNF8IfOFCb8EY6ja9bvBA-w2suyIu_RqQijrkAFNXvStX1BreobCvhVTs/s1600/%E4%BB%A3%E6%9B%BF%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuDq-uPQmU5T6EEKq9cltraYZxgUUgdhwCGtHDNRj5IDs6GjHxiMSwQNnIPyUoN_Cf5CVmL6mikIf1PoVEkcWNF8IfOFCb8EY6ja9bvBA-w2suyIu_RqQijrkAFNXvStX1BreobCvhVTs/s1600/%E4%BB%A3%E6%9B%BF%E5%8C%BB%E7%99%82.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">鍼、カイロプラティック、ホメオパチー、ハーブ療法といった</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">代替医療が有効であるかどうか科学的に迫っていきます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その科学的アプローチの方法は、科学的根拠にもとづく医療、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">すなわちエビデンス=ベースト・メディシン(</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">EBM</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)として知られる方法です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">内容は、一般向けにわかりやすく書かれていますが、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医師が読んでも十分耐えられる質となっています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">っというか、むしろ、医師の中でここまで</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学的根拠にもとづく医療をきちんと行えている人は少ないのではないでしょうか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そういったわけで、特に、医師におすすめする一冊です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">EBM</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">を習得している人は、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">代替医療の</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">EBM</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">がどうなっているか楽しみながら理解できます。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">EBM</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">を習得していない人には、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">EBM</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">を習得する足がかりにしていただけたらと思います。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者らもこう本書の役割を説明しています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第Ⅰ章で、科学的方法について説明します。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学者たちは治療法の効果を、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">実験と観察によってどのように判定するかを見ていきます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者はもしあなたが科学の力に懐疑的な人でも、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">せめて第Ⅰ章は読んでもらいたいといいます。そしてこう続けます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし第Ⅰ章を読んでもなお、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学が代替医療の効果を判定する最善の方法だとは思えないという人もいるだろう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そういう人は科学が何を言おうと、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分の世界観を手放す気はないのかもしれない。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『代替医療はどれもこれもクズだ』という確固たる信念の持ち主もいるだろうし、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">逆に、『代替医療はあらゆる痛みや病気を癒してくれる万能薬だ』</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">といって譲らない人もいるだろう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本書はそういう人のための本ではない。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学的方法で真実を判定できると考えるつもりが全くないのなら、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第Ⅰ章を読むことすら意味はない。。。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかしもちろん、われわれの願いは、あなたが結論を急がず、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本書を読み進めたいと思ってくれることだ。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さて、第Ⅱ章から第Ⅴ章をへて、それまで見てきた科学的根拠によると、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">大部分の代替医療は、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">多くの症状についてプラセボ効果を上回る効果はないと言ってよいことがわかります。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>ここで、代替医療をめぐる問題の中でも、もっとも議論のある、</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>きわめて重要な問題の一つが浮かび上がる。</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>代替医療がほぼプラセボ効果だけに頼っているとしても、</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>代替医療のセラピストがプラセボ効果を利用して</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>病気の人の力になってはいけない理由があるだろうか?という問題だ。</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これに対して著者らは、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医者をはじめとする医療関係者がプラセボ効果のために代替医療を用いることは</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">間違いだと、強く信じていると述べています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その根拠は、医師と患者との関係が、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">嘘のない誠実なものであってほしいと思うからということです。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">もしも医師がホメオパシーの薬を処方する決心をすれば、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">プラセボ効果を引き出すためには患者に嘘をつかなければならないからです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さらに、代替医療がこれだけ必要とされている現状の責任の一旦は</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医師にもあると著者らは言及しています。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そうした第一の医師は、患者に代替医療を勧め、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">じつはその治療法に効果がないことを知らない無知な医師。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第二の医師は、治療するまでもない患者に満足感を与えようとして、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">代替医療を勧めてしまう不甲斐ない医師。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして第三の医師は、患者に不満を抱かせて代替医療に向かわせる、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">配慮の足りない医師である。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">うーん、耳が痛いです。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">安易に患者さんが代替医療に手を出さないように、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医師としての態度を見直す必要を感じました。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-91070977426663516462013-11-13T18:00:00.000+09:002013-11-13T18:00:03.950+09:00幸せがずっと続く12の行動習慣<span id="btAsinTitle"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E5%B9%B8%E3%81%9B%E3%81%8C%E3%81%9A%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E7%B6%9A%E3%81%8F12%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%BF%92%E6%85%A3-%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9C%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC/dp/4534049250/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1384308276&sr=1-1&keywords=how+of+happiness" target="_blank">幸せがずっと続く12の行動習慣</a></span><br />
<span></span><br />
<span><span style="color: black;"><em>ソニア・リュボミアスキー</em></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvo3IDHjoyKXsTlc4EOxbGWlGuwg79BzknGoWMOGMJ8Tb25VydYR8rnT-dPAz7KXrYwMOV7HQMnL7cDuhorTjDJzl_COrsL_s2qZgf-r436BKcmaynGUpx2GRx4xZbN98BYNDVw6EhVyE/s1600/siawase.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvo3IDHjoyKXsTlc4EOxbGWlGuwg79BzknGoWMOGMJ8Tb25VydYR8rnT-dPAz7KXrYwMOV7HQMnL7cDuhorTjDJzl_COrsL_s2qZgf-r436BKcmaynGUpx2GRx4xZbN98BYNDVw6EhVyE/s1600/siawase.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<span><span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『<a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.jp/2011/09/31.html" target="_blank">ポジティブな人だけがうまくいく</a></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3:1</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">の法則』に続いて、</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポジティブ心理学からの一冊です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"></span></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポジティブ心理学テンプルトン賞を受賞した第一線の研究者リュボミアスキーが、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「科学的に幸せになる方法」を解説します。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一般向けですが浮ついた所がなく、証拠のみに依拠して提言しています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"></span></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者はこう宣伝しています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本書の最も大事な点は、これが科学的に証明された結果だということです。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">私やほかの社会心理学者たちが開発してきた、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幸福感を高める方法は本書の鍵となる重要な脇役です。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(もちろん、主役はあなたです)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">私の話はリサーチ科学者のものであって、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">臨床医やライフコーチや自己啓発の指導者のものではありません。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">私の知る限り、本書は、人生でもっと幸せになるための方法を解いた本として、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">初めて実際にリサーチを行なった人間が著したものです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さて、まず第1に理解する必要があることは、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『幸福度の決定するための要因は、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">遺伝による要因が</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">50</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">環境による要因が</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意図的な行動による要因が</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">40</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%』</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">だということです。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">遺伝的に幸福だと感じやすい人と感じにくい人がいるということです。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">この要因はどうしようもありません。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そしてなんと、裕福か貧乏か、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">健康か病気かなど生活環境や状況による違いは</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幸福度の</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%の要因に過ぎないのです。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幸福になるための最大の鍵は、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">遺伝子の性質を変えることにあるのではなく、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">環境を変えること</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(つまり、富や魅力、もっといい同僚を求めること)にあるのではなく、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『私たちの日々の意図的な行動』にあるのです。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして本書ではその具体的な</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">12</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">の方法を紹介します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第2のステップです。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『オックスフォード幸福度調査』により幸福度を数値化します。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして著者が開発した『幸福行動診断テスト』を行います。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そうすることにより、本書で紹介されている科学的に実証されている</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">12</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">の方法のうち</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">あなたに適している方法が分かります。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者はそうした方法のうち、2-3つの方法をまずは試すことを薦めています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第3に、幸せがずっと続くためのベースとなる、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">重要な5つのコツを上げています。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幸福度を上げる行動は努力が必要ということです。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">継続が必要であり、同じことをやり続けるのではなく変化が必要である。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして、幸福度を高めあえる人のつながりを作っていくということです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さて、幸福度がちょっと低めだった僕は、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">おそらく遺伝的に幸福度を感じにくい体質なのでしょう。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さっそく、幸福度を高める行動を開始して、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幸福度を高める習慣を身につけることにします。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(そして三日坊主に終わりました)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-88378277804612628292013-09-11T09:53:00.000+09:002013-09-11T09:53:42.797+09:00あなたはなぜチェックリストを使わないのか?<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%82%BF%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E3%82%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%90%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9%E3%82%92%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%90%E3%81%AB%E6%B8%9B%E3%82%89%E3%81%97%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E6%B1%BA%E6%96%AD%E5%8A%9B%E3%82%92%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A4%EF%BC%81%E3%80%91-%E3%82%A2%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB-%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87/dp/4863912803" target="_blank">あなたはなぜチェックリストを使わないのか?</a></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><em>アトゥール・ガワンデ</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><em></em></span> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNMGgXnFCT0G2DYRw0aXIOi08LaJ3gqN8IruRM26vlKQtAqmrtR0OrQnQQ7G4JVsBaPjKH7FbOSjgPi9HBfkKxtGJIXqfAmveJYwC3nhr4H3XRpi_VcN8kS1yl1TEOv5IMfUVdpnWTuvM/s1600/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNMGgXnFCT0G2DYRw0aXIOi08LaJ3gqN8IruRM26vlKQtAqmrtR0OrQnQQ7G4JVsBaPjKH7FbOSjgPi9HBfkKxtGJIXqfAmveJYwC3nhr4H3XRpi_VcN8kS1yl1TEOv5IMfUVdpnWTuvM/s1600/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">チェックリストの力を信じる</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">外科医アトゥール・ガワンデが提言する</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">「チェックリスト」作成のススメです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者は外科医であると同時にジャーナリストでもあり、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医療だけではなく、経営、投資、飛行機、建築、料理などでも</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">チェックリストが使われており、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">驚くような成果が生まれていることを事例を通じて紹介していきます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(抜粋;ビジネス書の社より:</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://people.weblogs.jp/books/2011/12/checklist.html"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Century;">http://people.weblogs.jp/books/2011/12/checklist.html</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">たとえば、ジョンズ・ホプキンス病院の集中治療の専門家、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ピーター・プロノボスト医師が中心静脈カテーテルの挿入の感染予防の</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">チェックリストを作った。</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.石鹸で手を洗う</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.患者の皮膚をクロルヘキシジンで殺菌する</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.滅菌覆布で患者を覆う</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.マスク、滅菌ガウン、滅菌手袋をつけ、カテーテルを挿入する</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.刺入点をガーゼで覆う</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">という手順でした。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">看護婦に1ヶ月医者を観察させると、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">三分の一以上の患者で一つ以上の手順が飛ばされていることが分かりました。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そこで、看護婦に医師が一つでも手順を飛ばすと、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">カテーテル挿入を止める権限を与えたところ、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">カテーテル挿入から10日間の感染率が11%から0%まで下がったのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17192537" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Century","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">N Engl J Med</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Century","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2006</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Century","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">355</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Century","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2725</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Century","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">32</span></a><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そこで、プロノボスト医師は全米中を飛び回り、チェックリストの有用性を語り、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">導入を推奨したが、実際にチェックリストを受け入れた医師は少数であり、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ある医師は馬鹿にされたと思って怒り出し、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ある医師は効用そのものに懐疑的だったのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、いかに安全に手術を行うかという問題に直面していた</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者のガワンデ医師は、チェクリストの力を信じて、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">様々な業界(主に航空・建築)の事例を参考にしながら、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">チェックリストを作成していきます。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そしてその結果は、死亡率は,チェックリスト導入前は</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;"> 1.5%</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">であったが,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">導入後には</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;"> 0.8%</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">に低下し、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">合併症は,ベースラインでは患者の</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;"> 11.0%</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">で発生したが,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">チェックリスト導入後は</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;"> 7.0%</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">に低下するという、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目を見張る結果を生み出すのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>(<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=19144931" target="_blank">N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 491-9</a>)</o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、チェックリストがその後ひろく使用されるようになったわけではありません。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">なぜ、チェックリストは使われないのだろうか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">手間がかかる、面白くないといった理由もあるが、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本質的な理由は、</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">優秀な人たちはチェックリストを使うことを</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">恥ずかしいと思っていることではないだろうか。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">複雑で危険な状況でも、度胸と工夫で乗り切ってしまえると思い込んでいる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
<br />
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">この本のもっとも重要な指摘はこの部分である。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">どの分野にもプロフェッショナリズムがある。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3つの条件があると思われる。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『無私である』、『腕がよい』、『信用に足りる』ということである。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、航空機業界では、四つ目として『規律』を付け加えた。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">良くできた手順には従い、必ず他者と協力しあうことだ。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝";">それでは</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">よいチェックリストの作り方はどんなものだろうか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">いくつかのポイントがあるという。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポイント1:いつチェックを行うか、つまり一時停止点をはっきり決める</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポイント2:「行動のち確認」か、「読むのち行動」のいずれのチェックリストにするかを決める</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポイント3:長すぎない。原則として項目は5~9個</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポイント4:キラーアイテム(飛ばされがちだが致命的な手順)に絞る</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポイント5:文章がシンプルである</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポイント6:見た目がよく、できれば、1ページ以内</span><span lang="EN-US"><br /><span style="font-family: Century;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ポイント6:必ず実世界で試用されている</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">最後にチェックリスト作成のためのチェックリストが掲載されています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以下で</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">WHO</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作成の様々なチェックリストを見ることができます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;"><a href="http://www.projectcheck.org/">http://www.projectcheck.org/<o:p></o:p></a></span></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-61785859637139668582013-08-07T10:48:00.000+09:002013-08-07T10:48:18.113+09:00アイデアの99%<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE99-%E2%80%95%E2%80%95-%E3%80%8C1-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%B2%E3%82%89%E3%82%81%E3%81%8D%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E5%BD%A2%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B3%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E5%8A%9B-%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88-%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD/dp/4862761178" target="_blank">アイデアの99% 『1%のひらめき』をかたちにする3つの力</a><br />
<br />
<em>スコット ベルスキ</em><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzLATN2j0B4tTBS7-s7JpEKY9n-mzyu4hODcptdskOd9gdoKrIg1N9WATr1zL4rRAX_TW7rlKVHQLzAhClBT_L1DtBfL2Oxu3Y3yqBK42uql8I4KN-rJPBhoSNpR4EAUuURHTf-rQCURo/s1600/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzLATN2j0B4tTBS7-s7JpEKY9n-mzyu4hODcptdskOd9gdoKrIg1N9WATr1zL4rRAX_TW7rlKVHQLzAhClBT_L1DtBfL2Oxu3Y3yqBK42uql8I4KN-rJPBhoSNpR4EAUuURHTf-rQCURo/s1600/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A2.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本書では、従来のアイデア本と異なり、発想については語られません。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それは、素晴らしいアイデアは必ずしも実現されるとは限らず、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">たまたま形になるということもないからです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>素晴らしいアイデアを発想することよりも、『行動すること』が重要なのだと</strong>、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者は強調します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そう、『天才とは1%のひらめきと99%の努力』なのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">では、アイデア実行力とはどういうものでしょうか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">アイデア実行力=『発想力』</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">+</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『整理力』</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">+</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『仲間力』</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">+</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『統率力』</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">で、特に、整理する力、仲間を引き込む力、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">リーダーとして統率する力に重点を置いています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">このフレームワークが本書の全てと言えるし、肝です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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</strong></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">物事をきちんと整理し、次々と片付ける。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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</strong></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">仲間を引き込み、コミュニティの力を利用する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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</strong></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -36pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">プロジェクトを率いる戦略がある。</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『整理力』に関しては、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-hansi-font-family: Century;"><span style="font-family: Century;">Getting Things Done</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">に近い方法論を紹介しており、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">力点が置かれています。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">こうした仕組みを機能させることは、行動し、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">アウトカムを出すためにはやはり有効なのだと思います。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本書では、『やるべき作業』『後回しにすること』『参考資料』と分類しています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その中でも、アイデアを、やるべき作業=アクションステップに</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">落とし込むことが何よりも重要です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">アイデアをすぐにアクションステップに落とし込む仕組みを</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日常のシステムとして機能させ、それを視覚化し、す</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ぐに実行できるような形にすることが大切なのです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その具体的な方法の一例が本書では紹介されています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『仲間力』『統率力』に関しては、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">具体的な方法論はあまり言及されていない印象でした。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">優れたアイデアを生み出すことは楽しく、ついついそこばかりに注目されますが、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それよりも、アイデアを行動に落とし込み、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">実行することが重要であると言う点を強調している点が</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">本書の優れている点だと思います。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-79088832099087730282012-12-02T11:15:00.001+09:002012-12-02T11:16:10.858+09:00その科学が成功を決める<em>リチャード・ワイズマン</em><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJXueZmRHpWmfV5oO_8RVljV_WmftOPTEsEHiqBpDVlBfALSJvDHGhz1MT_IR-YWWpn1nHi0iY53aCU6Bl8os9raTyU0BceUyTClzXC7Am9CQOxQNboAw5jyYWMF0d3ldiesdRDPr5Rzw/s1600/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%8C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJXueZmRHpWmfV5oO_8RVljV_WmftOPTEsEHiqBpDVlBfALSJvDHGhz1MT_IR-YWWpn1nHi0iY53aCU6Bl8os9raTyU0BceUyTClzXC7Am9CQOxQNboAw5jyYWMF0d3ldiesdRDPr5Rzw/s1600/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%8C.jpg" /></a></div>
<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%8C%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E3%82%92%E6%B1%BA%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B-%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3/dp/4163721509" target="_blank">その科学が成功を決める</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">多岐にわたる心理学の研究論文が載っている専門誌を読み漁り、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">行動科学の各分野から数百種の研究結果を集積した結果、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">著者は手っとりばやく自分を変える方法を発見する。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">言ってみれば、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">Evidenced Based </span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自己啓発である。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">気分よく過ごす、つまり、幸福を感じるためには?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">お金(給料)と幸福は大きく関連しない。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">マイナス思考を抑えつけようとしてもうまくいかない</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他人と話しても気分ははれない</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">有効な方法は、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日記を書く。特に。。。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; text-indent: 10.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">いやなことを打ち明ける</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; text-indent: 10.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">感謝をあらわす</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; text-indent: 10.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">夢ある自分の将来を書く</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">買うなら品物より体験を、自分以外のことにお金を使う</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">微笑み、背筋を伸ばし、たのしげにふるまう</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">面接でうまくいくには?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">学校の成績や経験ではなく好感度が重要</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">弱点は先に、強みは後半に話す</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">位置は真ん中が好ましく、難しい言葉は使わない</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">フランクリン効果(自分が力を貸した相手を人は好きになる。大きな要求は逆効果。)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">失策効果(ときどきへまをすると好感度がアップ。ただし完璧な人間と思われている場合)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">噂話(噂話、悪口は、好感度を下げる)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">恩恵(好意)をほどこすと、相手はそれ以上にお返ししようとする。最大の効果は、知らない者同士で、内容は些細もないものも、思いやりにあふれている場合。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">夢をかなえるためには?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標達成のために計画を立てる</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">正しい計画を立てる、友人や家族に目標について話す、達成した時のプラス面だけを考える、ご褒美を用意する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">計画を先延ばしにしないために、数分だけでも手をつけてみる</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">目標達成のメリットと、障害と対処を考える</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">よいアイデアを生み出すためには?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">集団でのブレインストーミングは集団での手抜きにむしろ陥りやすい</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">意識をそらせて、無意識を働かせる。パズルをするなど。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">緑を置く。モダンアートを置く。テーブルを手前に引く。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">よい決断をくだすためには?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個人で決断するより、集団で決断すると、極端な決断をきたしやすい。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">二者択一の決断をするときは意識を働かせ、状況のプラスとマイナスについて冷静に理性的な判断をおこなう。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">選択がもっと複雑な場合は、意識の力を眠らせて、無意識を働かせる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人はしなかったことを悔やむことが多い。チャンスに対しては常に実行を心がける。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-12796669840863004492012-10-20T09:35:00.002+09:002012-10-20T09:35:50.939+09:00科学哲学入門<span style="color: black;"><em>内井 惣七</em></span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80%E2%80%95%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E3%83%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84-Sekaishiso-seminar-%E5%86%85%E4%BA%95-%E6%83%A3%E4%B8%83/dp/4790705587#" target="_blank">科学哲学入門</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpGMz8mkC1o2Wf42PqZBmxuIwmdc6mXNKYGrRqC-syxw2_X3p_CDDVJkTMwrJLv7N_y_-VwCny_rPTUBvBUbkAr_pt_c4LiUPZ3kl9n6EZEMOZdmqeMOLIYTfMjc7tvXp37HTtDM95MEI/s1600/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpGMz8mkC1o2Wf42PqZBmxuIwmdc6mXNKYGrRqC-syxw2_X3p_CDDVJkTMwrJLv7N_y_-VwCny_rPTUBvBUbkAr_pt_c4LiUPZ3kl9n6EZEMOZdmqeMOLIYTfMjc7tvXp37HTtDM95MEI/s1600/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80.jpg" /></a></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学哲学、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">冊目です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1番、教科書らしい内容で、いい意味では内容は濃く、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">悪い意味では、内容難しいです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1番の特徴は、確率論、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">とくにベイズの理論に関しての哲学的な説明が豊富な点です。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ベイズの定理は三つの確率</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(1)問題の仮説の事前確率、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(2)その仮説を使わないときのデータの予測確率、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3)その仮説がデータを予測する確率、からなる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">この場合、仮説の中でいわれた経験的(統計的)確率と、</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">仮説自体に与えられた事前確率や事後確率(そして予測確率も入るかもしれない)は、</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同じ『確率』と呼ばれても種類が違うのではないだろうかと感じるかもしれない。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">前者の確率は数少ない個別的現象からその確率を見出すことはできないが、数多く繰り返される現象を統計学的に研究すれば、その確率は客観的な規則性として取り出すことができる。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これに対して、『仮説自体の確からしさ』は、その判断に個人差が入り主観的であることをまぬかれない。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、主観的要素の混入や、客観的かどうかという基準だけで両者が明白に異質だとは言えないのが『確率』の難しいところである。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">統計的確率と、確証の度合いとを区別する必要があることは認めてよい。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">後者は(統計的推理を含む)帰納の中心概念だというのが我々の考えなので、これを『帰納的確率』と呼んで前者から区別する。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">二種を区別しても統計的確率によって帰納的確率が一義的に規定される場合もある。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つまり、統計的確率が客観的なら、対応する帰納的確率も客観的だということになって、ふたつは客観性という意味では異質ではないということになる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">議論のために統計的確率の『客観性』を認めるとすれば、統計的仮説の確証の場合、確率の個人差が入るのは仮説の事前確率のところだけである。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ある科学者の与える事前確率が両極端(0や1)のいずれかの値をとるということは、その人がどちらかの仮説を頭から正しいと確信してしまっており、いかなる経験的なデータからも学ぶ用意がないということを意味する。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これは、統計的仮説に限らず、一般に経験的仮説の確証の文脈ではきわめて不合理な探求態度であるとみなされよう。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">とすれば、科学者の間で事前確率の個人差はあっても、この不合理な態度をとらないという了解があれば、統計的仮説の確証における個人的な意見の違いは、十分な観察データがそろえば無視できるほど小さくなっていくはずである。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ラムジーとデ・フィネッティによって提唱された主観説によれば、確率とは個々の人によって異なる信念の度合いである。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その信念の度合いをどのようにして計るかという疑問がたち浮かぶ。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これに関しては、たとえば賭を例にとると、賭け率に関しては、不利な賭け率と有利な賭け率が存在するが、有利でも不利でもない中立点、すなわち公平な賭け率もあるわけで、ある命題に対するある人の信念の度合いは、その命題に対してその人が公平な賭け率であるとみなす比によって計られるというのが主観説の基本的なアイデアである。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">主観説では、単一事象や個別的命題の確率に意味を与えることもこの立場では容易である。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そこで、残る主要問題は、確率の統計的側面で特に目立つような確率の客観性をこの立場でどのように説明できるかということである。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これに対しては、デ・フィネッティの定理により、ベイズの理論を繰り返し使うことにより、『ある事象の未知の客観的確率が経験的観察によって見出されて確証される』ということが一定の条件をがそろえば、証明される。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">うーん、うまく要約できません。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック; font-size: small;">
雑感としては、</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック; font-size: small;"></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">もともとベイズ理論に親和性を感じていた僕には、納得がいく内容でした。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">やはり科学とは、正当化できる真理を知りえることはどこか困難であり、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">試行錯誤を繰り返し、ベイズ理論のもと、真理に近づいていこうとする行為なのでしょう。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医学においても、ひとつの疾患概念の全体像の真の姿に近づいていくというのは、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">科学として同様に正当化されるのは理解できます。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ただ、目の前の患者、単一の事象に関しても、こうした確率的アプローチが</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">どのように正当化されるのか、まだよくわかりません。</span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-81373527488767180802012-09-22T11:10:00.000+09:002012-09-22T11:10:08.121+09:00はじめの一歩を踏み出そう<span id="btAsinTitle"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E6%AD%A9%E3%82%92%E8%B8%8F%E3%81%BF%E5%87%BA%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E2%80%95%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AE%E8%B5%B7%E6%A5%AD%E8%A1%93-%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BBE-%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC/dp/product-description/4418036016" target="_blank">はじめの一歩を踏み出そう―成功する人たちの起業術</a></span><br />
<span></span><br />
<span><em>マイケル・E. ガーバー</em></span><br />
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<span><span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">あまり、起業するということは、医療と関連はないかもしれませんが、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">起業に関する一冊を紹介します。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まず、企業に関して間違っている、致命的な仮定とは</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>『事業の中心となる専門的な能力があれば、</strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>事業を経営する能力は十分に備わっている』</strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ということである。この仮定は間違っている。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">私たちのだれもが<strong>、『起業家』『マネジャー』『職人』</strong>という3つの人格をあわせもっている。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つのバランスがとれたときに、驚くような能力を発揮するのである。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>起業家は新しい世界を切り開こうとし、</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>マネジャーは事業の基礎を固めてくれる。</strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>そして、職人は専門分野で力を発揮してくれる。</strong></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それぞれの人格が最高の働きをすることで、全体として最高の結果を出せるのである。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし残念なことに、著者の経験からいえば、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">起業した人の中で3つの人格をバランスよく備えている人はほとんどいない。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それどころか、典型的なスモールビジネスの経営者は、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%が起業家タイプで、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">20</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%がマネジャータイプで、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">70</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%が職人タイプである。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">事業全体のバランスからいえば、職人タイプが主導権の握るのは最悪の結果を招く。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">なぜなら間違った人間が主導権を握っているからである。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">職人は決して主導権を持つべきではないのだ。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">優れた事業を作るには起業家の視点が必要であり、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それが職人の視点とは正反対である。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">起業家にとって大切なことは、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その事業で何を提供するか(</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">What</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)ではなく、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">どのように提供するか(</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">How</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)である。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">成功する事業には、起業家とマネジャーと職人のそれぞれに持ち場があり、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それぞれの強みが発揮できるようなバランスのとれたものなのだ。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">専門的な能力があるから起業するのではない。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">なぜあの事業ではなくこの事業をなのか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『さぁ、人生をやり直す時がやってきた。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">できるだけの想像力を働かせて、まったく新しい人生を考えてみよう。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">私の周りには、チャンスが満ち溢れている。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これを生かすのに一番いい方法は、誰もやっていない様な事業を立ち上げることだ。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">私の夢を実現する様な事業。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人に任せても成功する事業。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一度買い物に来てくれた人なら何度でも足を運んでくれる事業、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さぁ、どんな事業を始めたらいいだろうか』</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">事業には<strong>『幼年期』『青年期』『成熟期』</strong>がある。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幼年期は、オーナー=事業である。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">すべての仕事をこなす職人的経営者である。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかしそのうちに仕事量が限界を超え始める。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして今までのやり方では事業を続けられなくなる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">青年期は、人手が必要だと感じた時から始まる。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">起業家とマネジャーとしての人格が必要となる。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">青年期で仕事量が過剰になった時、倒産するか、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">幼年期に戻るか、働き続けるかという選択肢を選ぶことになる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">うまくスモールビジネスを展開していき方法は、『事業のパッケージ化』である。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">試作モデルに必要なのは以下の6つのルールである。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">顧客、従業員、取引先、金融機関に対して、いつも期待以上の価値を提供する。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">必要最低限の能力でも経営できる(つまりシステム依存であるということ)。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">秩序だてて組織が運営される。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">従業員の仕事内容はすべてマニュアルに記載されている。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">顧客に対して安定した商品、サービスが提供されている。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">建物や設備、制服についてのルールが定められている。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つまり、他の人に任せてもうまくいくような事業を作ろう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">どこでも誰でも、同じ結果が出せるような事業の試作モデルを作ることから始めよう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">事業とは、あなたとは別の独立した存在だ。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それはあなたの努力の成果であり、特定の顧客のニーズを満たす機会であり、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">あなたの人生をより豊かにする手段である。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">事業とは多くの部品から構成されるシステムであり、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ライバルとは明確に差別化されたものであり、顧客の問題を解決するものである。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"></span><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">『事業発展プログラム』成功するための</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">7</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つのステップ</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ルール①イノベーション</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>イノベーションとは新しいものを考え出すことではなく、</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong></strong></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>新しいものを実行することである。</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ルール②数値化</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ルール③マニュアル化</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ステップ①事業の究極の目標を設定する。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ステップ②戦略的目標を設定する。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ステップ③組織戦略を考える(組織図を作る)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ステップ④マネジメント戦略を考える(管理システム、業務マニュアル)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ステップ⑤人材戦略を考える(挑戦する価値のあるゲーム化)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ステップ⑥マーケティング戦略を考える(顧客が望むものが大切)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ステップ⑦システム戦略を考える</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-22970275611929478082012-08-18T10:38:00.002+09:002012-08-18T10:38:40.398+09:00ブラックスワン<em>ナシーム・ニコラス・タレブ</em><br />
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<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3-%E4%B8%8A-%E2%80%95%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9F%E6%80%A7%E3%81%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA-%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%96/dp/4478001251" target="_blank">ブラック・スワン</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwUmQSoPXMuNBtlqryRl1VRwrYHnkCcqnc74LNKmEzbXOyFveTuu0pPE5o8B5hw9WTjO_OgthY-6MeUYXUrXka6c0VwDAqEed4WayJT7AAoRszsqh2Tspow-4QQX4_wIoGw19svLRjemU/s1600/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwUmQSoPXMuNBtlqryRl1VRwrYHnkCcqnc74LNKmEzbXOyFveTuu0pPE5o8B5hw9WTjO_OgthY-6MeUYXUrXka6c0VwDAqEed4WayJT7AAoRszsqh2Tspow-4QQX4_wIoGw19svLRjemU/s1600/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3.png" /></a></div>
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サブプライム問題に、東北関東大震災</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">こうしたブラック・スワンにどう対処したらいいのでしょうか?</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">「ブラック・スワン</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">黒い白鳥</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">」とは何か</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">?</span></strong></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">むかし西洋では、白鳥と言えば白いものと決まっていた。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">そのことを疑う者など一人もいなかった。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">ところがオーストラリア大陸の発見によって、かの地には黒い白鳥がいることがわかった。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">白鳥は白いという常識は、この新しい発見によって覆ってしまった。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">「ブラック・スワン」とは、この逸話に由来する。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">つまり、ほとんどありえない事象、誰も予想しなかった事象の意味である。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">タレブによれば、「ブラック・スワン」には3つの特徴がある。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">1つは予測できないこと。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">2つ目は非常に強いインパクトをもたらすこと。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">そして3つ目は、いったん起きてしまうと、いかにもそれらしい説明がなされ、実際よりも偶然には見えなくなったり、最初からわかっていたような気にさせられたりすることだ。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>タレブは、人間は不確実性を扱えないことを解き明かします。</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つまり、人間が知識をどう扱うかという問題、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして私たちが実証的証拠よりも逸話のほうを好むという問題を検討します。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">具体的には、追認の誤り(まだ目に触れていない一角を不当にも過小評価する)、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">講釈の誤り(もっともらしい説明や逸話で自分をごまかす)、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">推論を行うときに情緒が入り込むということ、物言わぬ証拠の問題などです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして、予測という行為に及ぶとき、こうした間違いをおかします。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ばらつきには大きな意味があることを忘れる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">予測期間が長くなれば予測が劣化する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">予測される変数のランダムな性質を見誤る</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして、こうしたブラックスワンにどう対処したらよいかを教えてくれます。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">懐疑的にも悲観的になりすぎて、身動きできなくなってはダメで、</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">経験主義すぎて懐疑的精神がないこともダメで、</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">懐疑的、かつ、実証主義である必要があるのです。</span><br />
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-88535165427123420102012-07-14T10:17:00.000+09:002012-07-14T10:17:44.453+09:00リスクリテラシーが身につく統計的思考法ゲルト・ギーゲレンツァー<br />
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<span id="btAsinTitle"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%81%8C%E8%BA%AB%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E6%B3%95%E2%80%95%E5%88%9D%E6%AD%A9%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%83%99%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA%E6%8E%A8%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AF%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB-363-%E3%80%88%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E3%82%92%E6%84%89%E3%81%97%E3%82%80%E3%80%89%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA-%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AF%E6%96%87%E5%BA%ABNF%E2%80%95%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E3%82%92%E6%84%89%E3%81%97%E3%82%80%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA/dp/415050363X" target="_blank">リスク・リテラシーが身につく統計的思考法―初歩からベイズ推定まで</a> </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8XCR95xOJ9hST4xMrgXV1kaLgPdbEQse3MPz2Ym5ws6L5bgr6JfdcoL_A3cJbAxamL00vf_QzWwDbbs4vIg4RHxK_HvRVC8NVlmcEEx8WaBj7xliiv79NNiLTygxgoEkRd9NKSLpWLJc/s1600/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8XCR95xOJ9hST4xMrgXV1kaLgPdbEQse3MPz2Ym5ws6L5bgr6JfdcoL_A3cJbAxamL00vf_QzWwDbbs4vIg4RHxK_HvRVC8NVlmcEEx8WaBj7xliiv79NNiLTygxgoEkRd9NKSLpWLJc/s1600/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC.png" /></a></div>
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<span>完全に医療関係者向けの内容でしょーと思える医療に特化した例題ばかりで、</span><br />
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<span>むしろ、医者にこそ、読んでほしい一冊です。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まずは問題から!!(答えは最後)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">40歳の女性が乳がんに係る確率は1</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">%</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">である。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">また乳がん患者が、乳房</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">X</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">線検査で陽性になる確率は</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">90</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%である。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">乳がんでなかったとして、それでも検査結果が陽性になる確率は9%である。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さて、検査結果が陽性とでた女性が実際に乳がんである確率はどれくらいか?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">健診の結果を説明する機会は多くあります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、実際にこのように、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">偽陽性や偽陰性の可能性まで含めて説明することはほとんどないでしょう。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして、偽陽性、偽陰性の可能性を説明しようとしても、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その具体的な数字を入手することは日本ではけっこう困難です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして具体的な数字が入手できたとしても、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">上記の例題を医師が理解すること、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">さらには患者さんとその数字をうまく共有できることはさらに困難です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"></span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">患者さんがこうした確率を教えられ、</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">判断を求められること(インフォームド・コンセント)を患者が喜ぶか、</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして喜んだとしてきちんと理解して判断できるように医師が援助できるかと言われると、</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">多くの医師は不可能だと思うでしょう。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして、実際、こうしたきちんとしたインフォームド・コンセントは行われていないのが現実です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それでも、著者は、医師と患者では治療をめぐる利害が違うからこそ、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">患者には情報を提供して、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その情報を元に自分で治療法を選択できるようにすべきだと主張します。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そのためには、医師はもちろん、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">患者もこのような確率的な情報を理解できるようにならないといけないといい、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして本著ではその方法を教えてくれます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まずは第1のステップ。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">確実のものなどなにもなく、実世界は不確実であることを知ること。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第2のステップ。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>不確実性(リスク)に対して無知であることを自覚する。</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その原因は内的な理由と外的な理由がある。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">内的な理由に対しては、リスクを推計するツールを使えるようにする。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">外的な理由に対しては、リスクの推計を邪魔しようとしている勢力があることに気づくことである。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第3のステップ。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>相対リスクではなく、絶対リスクを、確率ではなく自然頻度を使うようにする。</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして、コミュニケーションがとれるようにして、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">健全な統計的な思考を考える習慣にすることである。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">最後に、一番初めの例題の答えは約</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">%です。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これも著者が言うように確率ではなく、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自然頻度で考えれば理解できるようになります。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">100</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人の女性を考えよう。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">このうちひとりは乳がんで、たぶん検査結果は陽性である。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">乳がんでない残りの99人のうち、9人はやはり検査結果が陽性になる。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">したがって、全部で10人が陽性である。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">陽性になった女性たちのうち、ほんとうに乳がんなのは何人だろう?</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-56090676047086912732012-07-03T22:34:00.001+09:002012-07-03T22:36:39.679+09:00ノンデザイナーズ・デザインブック<em>Robin Williams</em><br />
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<span id="btAsinTitle"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF-%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E6%96%B0%E8%A3%85%E5%A2%97%E8%A3%9C%E7%89%88-Robin-Williams/dp/4839928401" target="_blank">ノンデザイナーズ・デザインブック</a></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPsoMwrXfG0jvJAObdhJeF2F64G_FR7OD0x0sLeeezR_VSiApI_GHgJrG6fGnkubAZs0XPNM-dZYbt4zuxiBZnG_-kdA8MaKv4lqKYPTSqMGrBppitnM_PI_qZdKqFst72hy9uTt4EvcI/s1600/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPsoMwrXfG0jvJAObdhJeF2F64G_FR7OD0x0sLeeezR_VSiApI_GHgJrG6fGnkubAZs0XPNM-dZYbt4zuxiBZnG_-kdA8MaKv4lqKYPTSqMGrBppitnM_PI_qZdKqFst72hy9uTt4EvcI/s1600/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.jp/2010/11/zen.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">プレゼンテーション</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">Zen</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">の元ネタは本書でないかと思ってしまうような、</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">同じ内容が繰り返されています。</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">デザインに関しての原則は普遍的であると言うことだと思いますが同時に、</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">こうした普遍的な内容が新鮮に思えるということは、</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">デザインがいかに軽視されているかということなのだと思います。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span>まとめです。<br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4つの基本原則は<strong>『コントラスト』『反復』『整列』『近接』</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>『コントラスト』</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ページ上の要素同士が単に類似することを避けるということです。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">もし要素(書体、色、サイズ、線の太さ、形など)が同一でないなら、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">はっきり違わせるということです。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">コントラストは、ページ上で最も重要な、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">視覚をひきつけつ要因になることはよくあります。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つまり、読者をまず読む気にさせる役割をします。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>『反復』</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">色、形、質感、位置関係、線の太さ、書体、サイズ、画像などの視覚的要素を、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">作品全体を通して繰り返すことです。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これは、組織化を促進し、一体性を強化します。</span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>『整列』</strong></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ページ上では、全てを意図的に配置しなければなりません。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">あらゆる要素が、他の要素との視覚的な関連をもつ必要があります。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それによって、明快、洗練、新鮮、という印象が生まれます。</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>『近接』</strong></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">互いに関連する項目は、近づいてグループ化しなければなりません。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">いくつかの項目が互いに近接しているとき、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それらはバラバラな要素としてではなく、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一つの資格的ユニットとして認識されます。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">近接は、情報の組織化に役立ち、混乱を減らし、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">読者に明快な構造を提供します。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">整列に関連して、特に参考になったのは、<strong>中央揃えを避けるということです</strong>。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中央揃えは初心者が多用し、失敗の危険がなく、</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">安心感を与えますが、退屈に見えます。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">全体に、強い線を生み出し、それに整列させるようにします。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そして最後に、4つの基本原則に追加して、全般的に通用する指針があります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それは、『<strong>臆病になるな』</strong>と言うことです。</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">空白があることを恐れてはいけません。</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">左右対称にならないことを恐れてはいけません。</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">文字や画像を極端に大きくしたり、小さくすることを恐れてはいけません。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">あとは、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">カラーを使う</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">活字を使う</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">といったことが、説明されています。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-10906522808875408002012-06-08T18:11:00.001+09:002012-06-08T18:11:22.862+09:00ダイアローグ<em>デヴィッド・ボーム</em><br />
<br />
<span id="btAsinTitle"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0-%E5%AF%BE%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E3%81%B8%E3%80%81%E8%AD%B0%E8%AB%96%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E5%AF%BE%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%B8-%E3%83%87%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0/dp/4862760171" target="_blank">ダイアローグ 対立から共生へ、議論から対話へ</a></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivzmCRkz7haCf7MKLmuajh9O1W4U9j0L2FzU0_enPk7tdtpu58faLJYDHg1BhyOkt2EMvZwOVebC_Iv2WPjDMsyKhfmKhBvvLBUW_0W8DCWI1ptIWK0LEEnA8agR9MUPnZNoYTfcMi_00/s1600/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivzmCRkz7haCf7MKLmuajh9O1W4U9j0L2FzU0_enPk7tdtpu58faLJYDHg1BhyOkt2EMvZwOVebC_Iv2WPjDMsyKhfmKhBvvLBUW_0W8DCWI1ptIWK0LEEnA8agR9MUPnZNoYTfcMi_00/s1600/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">今回は<strong>『対話』=『ダイアローグ』</strong>に関してです。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">まずは、対話とは何かを、ダイアローグとディスカッションの対比から見てみます。</span></div>
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</span><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ダイアローグとディスカッションと言う言葉を比較してみよう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ディスカッションには物事を壊す、という意味がある。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ディスカッションは分析という考え方を重視する。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そこには様々な視点が存在し、つまり分析し、解体しているのである。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それに価値がないわけではないが、限界があるし、多様な視点が存在する段階からさほど先に進めないだろう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そしてこのゲームの目的は、勝つか、自分のために点を得ることである。</span><br />
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし対話では勝利を得ようとする者はいない。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">対話にはディスカッションとは異なる精神がある。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">対話では点を得ようとする試みも、自分独自の意見を通そうとする試みも見られない。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それどころか、誰かの間違いが発見されれば、全員が得をすることになる。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これはお互いに満足のいくゲームとよばれる状況だ。</span></div>
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<strong>それでは、</strong></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>対話とはどういったものなのでしょうか?</strong></span><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">対話では、人が何かを行った場合、相手は最初の人間が期待したものと、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">正確に同じ意味では反応しないのが普通だ。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">というより、話し手と聞き手双方の意味はただ似ているだけで、同一のものではない。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">だから、話しかけられた人が答えたとき、最初の話しては、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分が言おうとしたことと、相手が理解したこととの間に差があることに気づく。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">この差を考慮すれば、最初の話し手は、自分の意見と相手の意見の両方に関連する、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">何か新しいものを見つけ出せるのかもしれない。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そのようにして話が往復し、話している双方に共通の新しい内容が絶えず生まれていく</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">したがって対話では、話し手のどちらも、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分がすでに知っているアイデアや情報を共有しようとはしない。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">むしろ、二人の人間が何かを協力して作るといったほうがいいだろう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つまり、新たなものを一緒に想像するということだ。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>でも対話が困難であることはよく経験します。</strong></span><br />
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</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>対話の難しさとはどういうことでしょう。</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">対話への試みは非常に欲求不満の募るものにもなりうる。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">私は単なる理論としてではなく、経験からこう述べている。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不安な要素もあるかもしれない。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">それに加えて、どんな規模にしろ、グループで対話しようとすれば、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他にも問題が出てくるだろう。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自己主張をしたがる人もいるはずだ。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼らは苦もなく話し、支配的な立場に立つ。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分が支配者だというイメージを持っているのかもしれないし、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そこからある程度の安心感や高揚感を得られるのだろう。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかし、話すことにそれほどの自信がない人たちもいる。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">彼らは気後れしがちで、支配的な人がいる場合には特にその傾向が強まる。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自信がない人々は、自分が笑いものにならないかといった類のことを恐れているのだ。</span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人が選ぶ役割は様々である。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">支配者的な役割を選ぶものをいれば、支配されやすく、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">弱くて非力な人間という役割を選ぶ者もいる。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">そうした人たちが、いわば互いに協力して働いているわけである。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">こういった『役割』は実をいえば、想定や意見に基づいたものだが、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">対話する上での障害にもなるだろう。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">いずれにしても、人は自分自身についていくつかの想定を持っている。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">しかも子供の頃から、お前はこんな性格だとか、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">あんな人間だのこんな人間だのと、みんなに言われてきたのだ。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">よい経験にせよ、悪い経験にせよ、人はさまざまな経験を積んできている。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">こうした事柄が、対話しようとしたときに浮上してくる問題の一部なのである。</span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><strong>感想です。</strong></span><a href="" name="_GoBack"></a><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">想定というのは信念と言うことだと思います。</span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">対話がうまくいかない場合、そうした場合は、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">お互いの想定、信念が対立している故に衝突すると考えられます。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自分の信念と相手の信念を理解することで、お互いの立場や意見の理解が進み、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">対話はうまく進むと可能性があるということなのだと思います。</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">普通人は自らの信念に無意識であるが、</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">信念は自動的に、意見や感情に影響を及ぼしています。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">信念を意識することで、自分の意見や感情がどうしてそのように生まれているのか</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">理解することができるようになるのではないでしょうか?</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">これって、認知療法の、信念-自動思考-感情の概念と同じではないでしょうか。</span></div>
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</span><br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-8073950066932576932012-05-12T08:41:00.001+09:002012-05-12T08:42:37.574+09:00達人のサイエンス<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;">
<em>ジョージ レナード</em></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: MS Pゴシック;"><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E9%81%94%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E2%80%95%E7%9C%9F%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E6%88%90%E9%95%B7%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB-%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8-%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89/dp/4531080785/ref=pd_sim_b_2">達人のサイエンス ー真の自己成長のためにー</a></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFfhjsT44kpCMTA7GKK7eiFOJena-udt0ZUAnqQdUjohjXy9_78EJjBniMoSttSTWYtXiTgmnO4We_EocJjVQc9Y3kH0ekWGG6NjbtzIHS3nwxiHVVcxgl8KWpIVQaTYDEwlSoNZ7n08k/s1600/MASTERY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFfhjsT44kpCMTA7GKK7eiFOJena-udt0ZUAnqQdUjohjXy9_78EJjBniMoSttSTWYtXiTgmnO4We_EocJjVQc9Y3kH0ekWGG6NjbtzIHS3nwxiHVVcxgl8KWpIVQaTYDEwlSoNZ7n08k/s1600/MASTERY.jpg" /></a></div>
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<br /><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.jp/2012/02/blog-post.html">『究極の鍛錬』</a>に続き、達人(マスター)に到達するための方法論についてです。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">内容は似通っていると思います。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">この方法論を意識しながら、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日々臨床を行なっていくことが、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">医師の極みにつながることになると思います。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Century;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">マスタリーの学習曲線は、短期間の上達のスパートがあり、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">その直後はだいたい直前のプラトーより少し高めのプラトーに向かって</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ゆっくりと下降する。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つまり、かなりの時間をプラトーで過ごし、練習を続けなくてはいけない。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">マスタリーの過程とは、プラトーを認め、理解し、楽しむ事である。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">マスタリーに到達できない</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">3</span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つの典型的なタイプ</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ダブラー(ミーハー型、心があちこち移ろいやすいタイプ)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">新しいことを初めて上達始めると有頂天になる。しかし、初めての後退を経験するとショックを受け、プラトーが来ると我慢できなくなり、練習を中断する。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">オブセッシブ(せっかち型、考え方が偏狭でゆとりのないタイプ)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">最初はすごい勢いで上達する。後退期が来てプラトーが来るとそれを受け入れられず一段と努力するようになる。その後確実に後退の時期がやってくる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ハッカー(のらりくらり型、意気地がなく熱心さに欠けるタイプ)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">プラトーに長く居ても不満には思わない。練習は中断され、その後の上達がなくなる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">達人への</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">5</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つのキーポイント</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">指導</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">練習と実践</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">自己を明け渡すこと</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0mm 0mm 0pt 36pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd;">
<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(自分のルールやリズムではなく、先生の指示に従う)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(4)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">思いの力</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(5)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">限界でのプレイ</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">マスタリーへの道を歩き始めると、</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">今までの行動に戻そうとする後退や抵抗を感じる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">新しい事を始めると、元の自分に戻そうとするホメオスタシスが生じる。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ホメオスタシスに対処するための</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Century;">5</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">つのポイント</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(1)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ホメオスタシスの活動に気づく</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(2)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">変化に抵抗しようとする自分との関係の調整</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(3)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">支援体制を作り上げる</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(4)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">規則的に練習する</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Century;">(5)</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "MS 明朝","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Century; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Century; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">生涯、学び続ける</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-16661584970554231272012-04-28T11:53:00.002+09:002012-04-29T19:51:42.000+09:00たまたま<i>レナード・ムロディナウ</i><br />
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<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E2%80%95%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E3%81%AB%E6%BD%9C%E3%82%80%E3%80%8C%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6/dp/4478004528">たまたま―日常に潜む「偶然」を科学する </a><br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BE%E2%80%95%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E3%81%AB%E6%BD%9C%E3%82%80%E3%80%8C%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6/dp/4478004528"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9slMzgdbEa34Cr9LfDSytMJ6IrMwWw10kP4CuxW4mZy5FIS3mONSSd286-sYTXLD7VtTKCzGqjQ3a1YWF1fP04F6Aki8vOBhz9HlqNHfU_j59xjGFP3tI-T-wrZBAa21BPLDe_DgencA/s1600/%25E3%2581%259F%25E3%2581%25BE%25E3%2581%259F%25E3%2581%25BE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9slMzgdbEa34Cr9LfDSytMJ6IrMwWw10kP4CuxW4mZy5FIS3mONSSd286-sYTXLD7VtTKCzGqjQ3a1YWF1fP04F6Aki8vOBhz9HlqNHfU_j59xjGFP3tI-T-wrZBAa21BPLDe_DgencA/s320/%25E3%2581%259F%25E3%2581%25BE%25E3%2581%259F%25E3%2581%25BE.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<br />
なぜヒトは、「偶然(たまたま)」を「必然(やっぱり)」と勘違いしてしまうのか?
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以下の例を間違えてしまった人は、ぜひ読んでみてください。<br />
<br />
特に例題2にみられるようなことは日常茶飯事だと思います。<br />
<br />
<br />
『例題1』<br />
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テレビのゲーム番組で、競技者が3つのドアの選択権を与えられるとします。
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1つのドアの後ろには車が、残りのドアの後ろにはヤギがいます。
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競技者が1つのドアを選択した後、すべてのドアの後ろに何があるかを知っている司会者が、<br />
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選ばれなかった2つのドアの内の1つを開けます。<br />
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そして競技者にこう言います。<br />
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『開いてないもう1つのドアに選択を変えますか?』
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選択を変更することは競技者にとって得策でしょうか?<br />
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<br />
いっけん、かなりばかげた問題のように思える。
<br />
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選択を変えようがかえまいが、勝つ可能性が半々であることは自明であるように思える。<br />
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しかし、実際には選択を変更したほうが得策なのである。<br />
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<br />
『例題2』
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<br />
あなたがHIV検査を受けその結果が陽性であったとき、<br />
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あなたが本当にHIVである可能性はどれくらいだろうか?<br />
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そのHIV検査は、エイズウイルスに感染していないときに<br />
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HIV検査で陽性と出るのは1000の血液サンプル中わずか1サンプルであることがわかっている。
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<br />
そしてあなたと同じ条件(異性愛者で麻薬常習者ではない)男性が<br />
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HIVに感染しているのは1万人に1人であることが疫学的調査で分かっているとする。
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答えは、11分の10の確率であなたはHIVに感染していない。
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1000分の999と思った方はベイズ理論が理解できていない。
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多くの医師が同様の誤解をし、患者を無用な混乱に陥らせている。
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検査の感度特異度を知ると同時に、その患者が属している集団の有病率、<br />
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つまり検査前確率を把握しておく必要がある。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-35607287042204586692012-04-14T09:49:00.003+09:002012-04-14T10:00:01.588+09:00ブレーンハッカー<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkH3wJpRH4q1afyDKRXZjaY6vARIesY7C4DCxWmrFV_4g-IMnfi_ytLHOOOtUEGpK1YAyd6QyIWwsqIQW2TdtyRDxVU2y0_uQ6Kz3EB6WgT0S7VDvLWbC01xQHFgkbuZmHmPh_9s8DjDM/s1600/%25E3%2583%2596%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%258F%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25BC.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkH3wJpRH4q1afyDKRXZjaY6vARIesY7C4DCxWmrFV_4g-IMnfi_ytLHOOOtUEGpK1YAyd6QyIWwsqIQW2TdtyRDxVU2y0_uQ6Kz3EB6WgT0S7VDvLWbC01xQHFgkbuZmHmPh_9s8DjDM/s320/%25E3%2583%2596%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%258F%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25BC.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5731053836576565794" /></a><br /><em>デイビッド・コール マレイ</em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC-%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E8%82%A9%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AB%E4%B9%97%E3%82%8C-%E2%80%95%E3%80%8C%E6%96%B0%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E6%AC%A1%E3%80%85%E3%81%AB%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E2%80%9C%E8%84%B3%E2%80%9D-Press-Business/dp/4781603998/ref=cm_rdp_product">ブレーン・ハッカー 巨人の「肩」に乗れ!</a><br /><br /><br />アイデアを生み出す方法についての本です。<br /><br />紹介されている方法論は、<br /><br />以前紹介した<a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.jp/2010/07/blog-post_24.html">『アイデアの作り方</a>』とほぼ同じです。<br /><br />本書では、豊富な事例を紹介しながら、詳しく解説してくれます。<br /><br /><br /><br />以下、要約です。<br /><br /><br />『素晴らしい知恵』とは、実は『借り物』である。<br /><br />しかも、それは現実に限ったものではなく、人類の歴史を通じての特徴なのである。<br /><br />ニュートンやシェークスピアのような、過去の最も創造的な人々ですら、<br /><br />アイデアを盗んだ、盗作だと非難された。<br /><br />だが、それは驚くべきことではない。<br /><br />アイデアは他のアイデアから生まれるものなので、盗作と独自性の境界は微妙だ。<br /><br />実際、アイザック・ニュートンは、微分積分法の盗用で訴えられ、取り調べを受けた。<br /><br />そして、彼は『私はさらに遠くを見るために、巨人の肩の上に乗った』と供述して、抗弁に成功した。<br /><br />ニュートンは『他人のアイデアの上に、自分のアイデアを構築する』という、<br /><br />当たり前のことをした罪を認めたのだ。<br /><br /><br /><strong>【1】 定義する</strong><br /><br />『解決しようとしている問題を定義する』<br /><br />創造的なアイデアとは、『問題の解決策』を指す。<br /><br />そして、問題の定義の仕方が、解決の仕方を決める。<br /><br />範囲の広すぎる問題、あるいは狭すぎる問題を解決しようとすると、失敗する。<br /><br />だから、『観察』などの手段で、できるだけ、問題を明確化し、<br /><br />高次元の問題から低次元の問題へと『分類』する。<br /><br /><br /><strong>【2】 借りる</strong><br /><br />『似たような問題のあるところから、アイデアを借りる』<br /><br />借りてくるアイデアは、解決策を構築するための『材料』だ。<br /><br />問題の定義を利用して、似たような問題のあるところから材料を借りてくる。<br /><br />最初は業界内の競合他社から、次には他業界から、そして最後にはビジネスの世界の外を見て、<br /><br />科学、芸術、エンターテイメントといった分野から、問題解決の材料を借りてくる。<br /><br /><br /><strong>【3】 組み合わせる</strong><br /><br />『借りてきたアイデアを、結び付け、組み合わせる』<br /><br />組み合わせることが創造の本質だ。<br /><br />だから、第2のステップで借りてきた材料を使って、<br /><br />新しいアイデアを構築するための適切な『メタファー』を見つける。<br /><br />つまり、既存のアイデアを使って、メタファーを確立し、拡大し、<br /><br />うまくいかなかったら捨てることで、新しいアイデアの枠組みを作る。<br /><br /><br /><strong>【4】 培養する</strong><br /><br />『組み合わせた材料を培養して、解決に導く』<br /><br />組み合わせは、意識より潜在意識のほうが得意だ。<br /><br />だから、作業をする時間を潜在意識に与え、意識を黙らせることが必要だ。<br /><br />そうすれば、『潜在意識の話を聞く』ことができる。<br /><br />意識を黙らせるには、次の手段が使える。<br /><br />アイデアを一晩寝かせる、立ち止まって思考を脇にやり、誤解に耳を傾ける。<br /><br />感情を利用する。<br /><br />最も有効な思考が、『何も考えないこと』であることもしばしばある。<br /><br />潜在意識に問題を覚えこませるために、繰り返し考える<br /><br /><br /><strong>【5】 識別する</strong><br /><br />『解決策の長所と短所を見分ける』<br /><br />判断とは視点によるものだ。<br /><br />直観も視点によるものだ。<br /><br />肯定的、あるいは否定的判断を利用して、解決策を分析し、<br /><br />アイデアの長所と短所を調べることによって、創造的な直感が生まれる。<br /><br /><br /><strong>【6】 育てる</strong><br /><br />『短所を排除し、長所を伸ばす』<br /><br />アイデアは、試行錯誤による調整を経て進化する。<br /><br />つまり、アイデアは『自己組織化』するのだ。<br /><br />最初の5つのステップに戻って、アイデアの調整を行おう。<br /><br />再定義し、借り直し、組み換え、再培養し、すべてを判断し直す。<br /><br />その順番はアイデアによって違ってよい。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-53685562375571373392012-03-23T17:58:00.003+09:002012-03-23T18:10:10.733+09:00疑似科学と科学の哲学<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhETkDJZrw2OQWFvoWfn56TLHbDA6ngFd2loqk1IMeVwzqUEFSiV5rkskivEncCn70dt-W64_za_baVsU4F7TsKr3_EFz_d2zwBIequc9gevRiemnVQUmxw9TkEQ0N4NRJSJoOF_2u_B98/s1600/%25E7%2596%2591%25E4%25BC%25BC%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhETkDJZrw2OQWFvoWfn56TLHbDA6ngFd2loqk1IMeVwzqUEFSiV5rkskivEncCn70dt-W64_za_baVsU4F7TsKr3_EFz_d2zwBIequc9gevRiemnVQUmxw9TkEQ0N4NRJSJoOF_2u_B98/s320/%25E7%2596%2591%25E4%25BC%25BC%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5723017313659032658" /></a><br /><em>伊勢田 哲治</em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E7%96%91%E4%BC%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E7%94%B0-%E5%93%B2%E6%B2%BB/dp/4815804532">疑似科学と科学の哲学</a><br /><br /><br />創造科学論争、占星術、超能力研究、代替医療という疑似科学』を、<br /><br />どのように、『科学』と区別するのかという<strong>『線引き問題』</strong>を例題にあげながら、<br /><br />科学哲学の解説を進めていきます。<br /><br /><a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.jp/2011/11/blog-post.html">『科学哲学の冒険』</a>よりも一歩進んだ内容となっており、正直、一部は理解できていません。<br /><br /><br />線引き基準のひとつとして、反証主義があります。<br /><br /><strong>反証不能</strong>(反証条件を特定できないような理論)であるものは科学とは言えないという考え方です。<br /><br />しかし、反証主義には問題点があり(仮説演繹法でも問題)、それを<strong>『過小決定』</strong>と言います。<br /><br />どんな観察結果がでようが、補助仮説群に手を加えること(仮説と観察のつじつまをあわせること:後付けの変更)によってテストされる仮説をすくい続けることができる。<br /><br />クワインは、『どんな仮説でもどんな観察からも支持される』という過激な主張に仕立て上げる。<br /><br />つまり、ふたつの仮説が対立しているときに、観察のみによって両者の一方を排除することはできない、<br /><br />これを<strong>『決定実験の不可能性』</strong>といいます。<br /><br />このように、観察によって仮説が決定されないという考え方を『過小決定』といいます。<br /><br />反証主義だけでは、単純に線引きはできないのです。<br /><br />例えば、漢方(代替医療)は間違っているという条件(反証条件)は存在するでしょうか?<br /><br />代替医療をRCTで検討した報告はあるので、反証不能とも言えなさそうです。<br /><br />しかし漢方はひとりひとりを対象にしたオーダーメイド医療だから、RCTでネガティブだとしても、<br /><br />漢方に効果がないとは言えないなど、やはり反証条件だけでは線引きは難しそうです。<br /><br /><br />次の線引きの基準として、新しい科学理論は前の理論に積み上げる形で作られ、<br /><br />それによって科学は蓄積的に進歩していく、科学とはそう言った性質のものであるという考え方があります。<br /><br />これに対してポパーは、理論を積み上げる基礎になる証拠(基礎言明)はだんだん蓄積していくけれども、<br /><br />理論そのものは蓄積していかないと批判します。<br /><br />これをさらに推し進めたのが、トーマス・クーンのパラダイム論で、<br /><br />2つの概念、『観察の理論負荷性』と『通約不可能性』という概念の理解が必要です。<br /><br /><strong>観察の理論負荷性:</strong>自分の理論にあわない出来事はノイズとして処理され意識にも上らない。我々の知覚はわれわれが背景としてもつ理論から完全に独立ではありえない。<br /><br /><strong>通約不可能性(クーン、ファイヤアーベント):</strong>観察の理論負荷性の1つの帰結として、ある観点からはノイズとして処理された様な(つまりは意識にも上らない)事例が別の観点からは重要な事実になるなどして、別の理論は別のデータのセットを持つことになろう。<br />それぞれの理論の支持者は自分のもつデータに基づいて自分の理論を支持し、対立する理論の支持者の提示するデータは意味不明だと考える。これでは、理論の優劣を比較することはできず、ましてや直線的に新しい理論が積み立てられることもない。<br /><br />こうした考え方でも、通常医療と代替医療を線引きすることまでは難しそうです。<br /><br />代替医療だって、蓄積的進歩が認められると主張できます。<br /><br /><br />線引き問題は、科学と非科学ないし疑似科学との間の明確な境界を設定することを目的としてきました。<br /><br />しかしながら、そうした方向で線引き問題が解決できる見込みは絶望的だと著者は言います。<br /><br />ラリー・ラウダンなどは、『線引き問題の逝去』と言う論文の中で、<br /><br />科学の必要十分条件を与えるなど不可能で科学と疑似科学の間の線引きなどできないと論じています。<br /><br />そこで著者は、『科学と疑似科学は区別できる。しかしそれは線引きという形での区別ではない』と言います。<br /><br />それはオールオアナッシングの考え方ではなく、程度の考え方を取り入れることということです。<br /><br />上記で紹介されたような線引きの条件にどの程度合致しているかで、<br /><br />どの程度科学的であるかを判断するという方法です。<br /><br /><br />この<strong>程度</strong>の考え方とは、<strong>ベイズ主義</strong>の考え方を応用するということです。<br />仮説演繹法をベイズ主義の枠組みで考えなおすと、過小決定の問題も考えやすくなる。<br />仮説演繹法や反証主義が過小決定の問題でつまずいたのは、演繹に頼りすぎたせいである。<br />後付けの変更ができてしまうと仮説と証拠の間に演繹の関係(つまりは100%の予測確率)は成り立たなくなってしまい、仮説は厳密な意味では検証も反証も可能ではなくなってしまう。<br />検証や反証だけを仮説の正当化の根拠だと考えていた場合、下手をすると何でもありのアナーキズムに走ってしまう。<br />しかし、ベイズ主義の考え方なら、仮説と証拠の間をむすぶさまざまな補助仮説を考慮したり証拠の内容を考慮したりして、その証拠が仮説にとってどの程度不利なのか、という『程度』の判断ができる。<br /><br />ベイズ主義に対する批判の1つとして、『信念の度合い』などという主観的なものが科学と関係があると考えるなどけしからん、科学はもっと客観的である、というような批判がよく出てくる。<br />それに対しては、ベイズ主義が扱うのはわれわれと独立に起きている世界の出来事ではなく、それについて我々の真式である、という意味での『主観的』確率なのである。<br />そして、そうした確率の割りあては、科学的方法論が客観的でありうる限りにおいて十分客観的でありうるのである。<br />ベイズ主義でいう『確率』、すなわち『信念の度合い』は、すべて『背景情報の下での確率』、『背景情報の下での信念の度合い』である。<br />したがって、たとえば、背景情報から考えてどう見てもありえないようなことには高い事前確率は与えられない。<br />つまり、主観的確率といえ何でもありなわけでない。<br /><br />帰納的推論に関しては、我々は日常的に帰納的推論を日常的に行っており、<br />『できないことを義務付けても意味がない』として、『帰納的推論を禁止しても意味がない』、<br />つまり、帰納的推論をするなといってもできないのである。<br />というわけで、ベイズ主義を選ぶか選ばないかにかかわらず、帰納主義の考え方はどうしても必要だろう。<br /><br /><br />1人の臨床医として<br />(1) 通常の医療(西洋医学)は代替医療に比較して優れていると、説明できるだろうか?<br />多くの代替医療が保険診療でカバーされている現状を批判できるだろうか?<br /><br />(2) EBMに基づいた診療が、いわゆるマニュアル診療よりも優れていると説明できるだろうか?<br /><br />(3) EBMとか言いながら、結局は、最後は医師の信念が左右しているだけで、科学的といえるのだろうか?<br /><br />こうした、疑問に、1つの答えを見いだせないかと思い、読み始めたのが『科学哲学』の分野でした。<br /><br /><br />一番目の疑問に関して、本書では、一章をさいて、解説してくれて、まさに、うってつけの内容といえました。<br /><br />しかし、残念ながら、代替医療と通常の医療の間にきれいに線引きをしてくれたわけではないので、<br /><br />理解は深まったが、疑問は解決されませんでした。<br /><br />特に、科学社会学とか、科学的知識社会学を持ち出されると、なんか、<br /><br />社会的な判断を科学に持ち込むともうそれは、科学といえるのか、よくわからくなっちゃうというのが感想です。<br /><br /><br />本書では、ベイズ主義も持ち出して、程度という観念を用いて、科学を擁護しています。<br /><br />『科学哲学の冒険』では意味論的捉え方で、<br /><br />科学の目的は類似したモデルを作ることだとしていたことと似ていると感じました。<br /><br /><br />ベイズ主義は臨床医としては、非常に馴染みがあり、よくわかります。<br /><br />でも、これって、哲学なのかなぁ、もう少し、いろいろ勉強する必要を感じました。<br /><br />結局は、個人の信念や、社会的な影響を排除してしまったら、科学とは成立しないのでしょうか。<br /><br />個人の信念や社会的な影響があっても、<br /><br />全体(または将来)としては科学は合理的に真実に近似することはそうだと思います。<br /><br />でも、部分(または現在)としては、真実に近似できているかは所詮知りうることはできないのでしょうか?Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-14619027182200883602012-03-12T17:12:00.003+09:002012-03-12T17:21:12.903+09:00はじめてのGTD ストレスフリーの整理術<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg78KjAstjGvt7BtoqKgwqjis6ktlAxs86fLMAEPNMAbMKE0v8DgiE1MDru9LCh7dDcgdLs0T6ZQCIFgC2RvR_OOoUBDAyeiv5_UpV-eXozxYDLMm66gUczWyCZTjLWsqLUS1dqhI-mSts/s1600/GTDjpg.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg78KjAstjGvt7BtoqKgwqjis6ktlAxs86fLMAEPNMAbMKE0v8DgiE1MDru9LCh7dDcgdLs0T6ZQCIFgC2RvR_OOoUBDAyeiv5_UpV-eXozxYDLMm66gUczWyCZTjLWsqLUS1dqhI-mSts/s320/GTDjpg.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5718921474405873298" /></a><br /><em>デビッド・アレン</em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/4576082116/ref=pd_lpo_k2_dp_sr_1?pf_rd_p=466449256&pf_rd_s=lpo-top-stripe&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=4576060732&pf_rd_m=AN1VRQENFRJN5&pf_rd_r=0MY95N5SPAWQ9TH1YJH4">はじめてのGTD ストレスフリーの整理術</a><br /><br /><br />ストレスフリーの整理術とは、<br /><br />『あとやるべきことはこれだけ!』と把握し、<br /><br />目の前の仕事に自信を持って取り組めるようにすることです。<br /><br /><br />すなわち、<br /><br />仕事から人生における『すべての気になること』を完全に把握し、<br /><br />目の前の作業に集中することができるようになること、<br /><br />『<strong>Getting Things Done</strong>』であります。<br /><br /><br />そのためには、3つのステップが必要です。<br /><br /><strong>(1) 頭の中の『 気になること』を“すべて”頭の外に追い出し、頭の外で管理する<br /><br />(2) それらのすべての『気になること』について、求めるべき結果と次に取るべき行動を決める<br /><br />(3) そうして決めた、とるべき行動を信頼できるシステムで管理し、定期的に見直す</strong><br /><br /><br /><strong>具体的な、GTDの基礎となる5つのステップ</strong>です。<br /><br />① 『 気になること』すべてを1箇所に『収集』する。<br /><br />② それぞれの意味となにをすべきかを明らかにする『処理』を行う。<br /><br />③ その『処理』の結果を『 整理』する。<br /><br />④ それらの行動の選択肢を『レビュー』する。<br /><br />⑤ 選んだ行動を『実行』する。<br /><br /><br />詳しくは、<br /><br />(1) 頭の中の『気になっているもの』すべて⇒『In-box』に収集<br /><br />(2) これは何か?行動を起こすべきか?<br /><br />No⇒(3) Yes⇒(4)<br /><br />(3) 現時点では無価値で、もう必要のないもの⇒『ごみ』<br /><br />今はやる必要がないが、いつか行動する必要が出てくるかもしれないもの⇒『いつかやる/多分やる』<br />後で必要になるかも知れない『情報』<br /><br />(4) 次に取るべき行動は1つ?<br /><br />No⇒『プロジェクトリスト/プロジェクトの参考資料』 Yes⇒(5)<br /><br />(5)2分以内にできる?<br /><br />No⇒(6) Yes⇒『今やろう』<br /><br />(6) 自分でやるべき?<br /><br />No⇒『連絡待ちリスト』 Yes⇒(7)<br /><br />(7) 特定の日付にやるべき?<br /><br />No⇒『次に取るべき行動』のリスト Yes⇒『カレンダー』 <br /><br /><br />① まずは『カレンダー』をチェック<br /><br />② 『次に取るべき行動』をチェック<br /><br />③ システム全体を週に1回更新する<br /><br /><br />本書で紹介されている方法は、あくまでひとつの例ですが、<br /><br />こうした『行動』に焦点をあてた管理は<br /><br />アウトプットを増やしていくためにも重要なことだと思います。<br /><br /><br />少し古いかもしれませんが、<br /><br />Web上で使えるツールとしては、<br /><br /><a href="http://www.rememberthemilk.com/">『Remember the Milk』</a>があります。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-1927232264141693702012-02-24T17:21:00.000+09:002012-02-24T17:33:23.878+09:00天才! 成功する人々の法則<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5XBalqi2ILuZnaznCdjGI9lzjZMY4BhrqsUbKLWnFUGeBnxcdmNGnLNh7W4_hjSPS7XKFX7gCAQwkr0hKcLP2veL7zl8QWbN7pxzSmp0V-4osmS4WS9OEeiay-vjZktWzGXmb6qZV938/s1600/OUTLINERS.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5XBalqi2ILuZnaznCdjGI9lzjZMY4BhrqsUbKLWnFUGeBnxcdmNGnLNh7W4_hjSPS7XKFX7gCAQwkr0hKcLP2veL7zl8QWbN7pxzSmp0V-4osmS4WS9OEeiay-vjZktWzGXmb6qZV938/s320/OUTLINERS.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5712617431917859106" /></a><br /><em>マルコム・グラッドウェル</em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E5%A4%A9%E6%89%8D-%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%85%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87-%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB/dp/4062153920/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1330071597&sr=8-3">天才! 成功する人々の法則</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.com/2011/04/30.html">『マスタリー』</a>を達成するための、内的な要因を検討したのが、<br /><br />前回紹介した<a href="http://doctor-business-book.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post.html">『究極の鍛錬』</a>でした。<br /><br />本書でも、<strong>outliners</strong>になるためには、<br /><br />継続的な努力が必要であり、その一つの境界線は一万時間であると言っています。<br /><br />そして、本著では、その努力をするための、外的要因に焦点を当てています。<br /><br /><strong>継続的に努力を行えるためには、そのような環境と好機に恵まれる、<br /><br />もしくは、自らをそのような環境に置く必要があると</strong>言うことです。<br /><br />成功には、持って生まれた文化、時代、世代といった、かえようがない外的要因もあるます。<br /><br /><br /><strong>一万時間の法則</strong><br /><br />一万時間の時間によって、才能や技術は花開く<br /><br />毎日8時間で1250日、3.4年。<br /><br />毎日3時間で9年以上。<br /><br /><br /><strong>マタイ効果</strong><br /><br />持つものはさらに豊かになり、持たざる者は持っているものを取り上げられる<br /><br />強い影響力を持つ環境と好機が必要<br /><br />誕生月、世代、時代、生きる力、そして文化<br /><br /><br />『マスタリー』を極めるためには、究極の鍛錬も必要ですが、<br /><br />よりよいフィードバックが得られる環境に自らをおくことも重要です。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-60292141916484648732012-02-03T18:14:00.003+09:002012-02-03T18:29:52.063+09:00究極の鍛錬<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaqYIwo2iG3w1Y9I2WelGOesyBEYYLj3ljlyydp4jPRqamrU7uwk52WZpfthcF14cbHsIEizyD0ygRpl0gNM08JgCQ02fw_2vKvZFtiBc0Ob56LNShOyqmEJtD54xvuvKEksYbzomb-wY/s1600/%25E9%258D%259B%25E9%258C%25AC.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaqYIwo2iG3w1Y9I2WelGOesyBEYYLj3ljlyydp4jPRqamrU7uwk52WZpfthcF14cbHsIEizyD0ygRpl0gNM08JgCQ02fw_2vKvZFtiBc0Ob56LNShOyqmEJtD54xvuvKEksYbzomb-wY/s320/%25E9%258D%259B%25E9%258C%25AC.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5704839204889527122" /></a><br /><em>ジョフ・コルヴァン</em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E7%A9%B6%E6%A5%B5%E3%81%AE%E9%8D%9B%E9%8C%AC-%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3/dp/4763130366/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1328260367&sr=8-1">究極の鍛錬</a><br /><br /><br />名医と言っても様々あると思います。<br /><br />手術や手技に優れた医師<br /><br />診断力やコミュニケーション力に優れた医師<br /><br />研究で優れた業績をあげる医師<br /><br />弁がたちマスコミうけ、患者うけする医師<br /><br /><br />いずれにせよ、達人(マスター)と言える域に達している医師がいることは確かです。<br /><br />さて、達人とは経験によって培われるものなのでしょうか?<br /><br /><br />今までの研究結果から経験豊かな人と経験が少ない人との能力には格別差がないことが明らかになってきた。<br />決定的に重要だとみなされている数々の専門領域におけるスキルと経験には、相関関係がないのだ。<br />こうした現象は<strong>『経験の罠』</strong>と呼ばれている。<br />企業は通常、経験のある管理者を高く評価するが、厳格な調査を通じ、押し並べて「経験のあるマネジャーは高いパフォーマンスを出してはいない」という重大な事実が明らかになっている。<br />また少なくともいくつかの分野ではもっと奇妙な現象すら現れている。<br />経験を積むことでむしろ能力が低下することがあるのだ。<br /><strong>経験を積んだ医師のほうが経験の浅い医師に比べ、医学知識が少ないというたしかなデータすらある。内科医も同様に、時間の経過とともに心音聴診やレントゲンに基づく診断能力が低下してくる。</strong><br /><br /><br />それでは、達人とは生まれて持った資質によって培われるものなのだろうか?<br /><br />いや、達人たちの一般的能力は驚くほど平均的だ。<br /><br /><br />それでは、達人となるためには、何が必要なのだろうか?<br /><br />それは<strong>、『究極の鍛錬』</strong>である。<br /><br /><br />「最高」「よりよい」「よい」の3つのグループに分けられたバイオリニストの検討によると、毎年1週間どれくらい練習をしてきたか調査したところ、3群ともおなじ51時間であった。<br />しかし、個人レッスン、自分での練習、クラスでの授業と分けて検討したところ、実際に1人で練習している時間は、3つのグループ間で劇的に異なっていた。<br />「最高」と「よりよい」グループは一週間で平均24時間、しかし「よい」グループは週にたった9時間しか練習していなかった。<br />1人での練習は最も重要な活動だが、もっともつらく面白くないものである。<br />それだけに睡眠自覚を確保する、昼寝をするなど、自分の生活を調整する必要が出てくる。<br />「最高」と「よりよい」グループの差は何からくるのであろうか?<br />バイオリンを始めてからこれまで、毎年で一週間にどれだけ練習してきたか概算を出した。<br />18歳に達するまで最上位のグループは平均で7400時間練習しており、2番目のグループは5301時間、3番目のグループは3420時間練習していた。<br />累計の練習量が多いほどより業績があげられるのだ。<br /><br />多くの科学者や作家は20年もしくはそれ以上の時間を献身的に捧げて初めて、輝かしい最高の業績を上げたという事実が判明してきたのだ。<br />ごく普通の人がごく普通の仕事で、傍目には能力が停滞期に達したように思われてからずいぶん後になっても能力を高め続けることが科学的研究調査でたびたび明らかになってきた。<br />達人と素人の違いは特定の専門分野で一生上達するために、考え抜いた努力をどれだけ行ったかの違いなのである。<br /><br /><br />究極の鍛錬にはいくつかの特徴的な要素がある。その要素とは<br /><br /><strong>① しばしば教師の手を借り、実績向上のため特別に考案されている</strong><br /><br />業績を上げるのに改善が必要な要素を、鋭く限定し、認識することが求められ、意識しながらそうした要素を鍛え上げていく。<br />一番内側のコンフォートゾーン、中間の円をラーニングゾーン、外側の円をパニックゾーン。<br />人はラーニングゾーンを強化することで成長する。<br /><br /><strong>② 何度も繰り返すことができる</strong><br /><br />達人になるものはばかばかしくて飽き飽きするまで鍛錬を繰り返す。<br />鍛錬はそうとうな数を繰り返すことができるものでなくてはならない。<br />ただし自動化の回避は必要。<br />自分がうまくできない点を絶えず意識しながら練習するという鍛錬の本質から、自動化に基づく行動をとることが不可能となる。<br /><br /><strong>③結果に関し継続的にフィードバックを受けることができる</strong><br /><br />訓練はすきなだけやっても構わないが、訓練の成果がわからなければ、次の二つのことが起こる。<br />一つは決して上達しないこと、もう一つは注意深く練習をしなくなってしまうこと、大切なのは自分の評価ではない。<br />先生やコーチ、メンターの存在が欠かせない<br /><br />④ 精神的にはとてもつらい<br /><br />したがって心をこめて練習すれば一日中練習し続けることはできないが、一時間半でもいい。<br /><br />⑤ あまりおもしろくない<br /><br /><br />究極の鍛錬がもたらす効果は、具体的には、普通の人に比べよりよく認識し、よりよく知り、より多く記憶できるようになることだ。<br />それにより、普通の人が見えないものが認識できるようになり、先が見えるようになる。<br />少ない情報から多くを知ることができ、微妙な差異が認識できるようになる。<br />専門分野の知識は達人の能力の中心的な要素であり、専門分野と切り離すことができないのだ。<br />一般的な能力と異なり、何年もの究極の鍛錬を通じてのみ最終的に手に入れることができる能力なのである。<br /><br /><br />日常的に具体的には<br /><br /><strong>(1)まずはどこに行きたいかを知る。</strong><br /><br />まずはやりたいことを知る必要がある。<br />成功のカギとなる言葉は「やりたいこと」ではなく、「知る」ということだ。<br />メンターという存在を、自分専門分野で経験の深い達人として、次の段階で身につけるべき技術や能力は何かを助言を受けたり、自分の訓練でフィードバックを与えてもらえる存在として見直してみる必要がある。<br />あらゆる訓練活動では何に取り組まなくてはならないのか、またそれがうまくできているか他者からうける評価は非常に重要だ。<br /><br /><strong>(2)3つの訓練の仕方</strong><br /><br />音楽モデル:プレゼンテーションや文章を書くなど<br />チェスモデル:ケースメソッド<br />スポーツモデル:特定のもっと役立つ力や能力を伸ばしたり、固有のスキルの開発<br /><br /><strong>(3)仕事上で訓練する</strong><br /><br /><strong>仕事の前に:</strong>重要なのは態度と信念。自己有能感(自分はできるのだという感覚)と呼ぶ強い強烈な信念と、同時に努力は報われるのだという強い信念。結果に至るプロセスを目標に置く。<br /><br /><strong>仕事中に:</strong>自分を客観的に観察する。自分自身について知り、自分に関することを考える、メタ認識。<br /><br /><strong>仕事の後で:</strong>結果に対して役に立つフォードバックのない訓練は価値がない<br /><br /><br /><br />達人は、自分の専門分野以外ではたとえ技能に衰えをみせていても、自分の専門分野では高い水準で能力を維持し続けることができる。<br />考え抜かれた訓練を十分に実行すると、通常回避できない自分の能力の限界を超えることができるようになる。<br />この限界を超える能力こそ、達人が高齢でも高い能力を維持するカギとなる。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-90152231369010155742012-01-20T17:44:00.003+09:002012-01-20T17:50:47.666+09:00選択の科学<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXsRhhLy7EV9nbgi45QJfJToc7iHbdVud4-NyPFcMRomkMN27N67ZDOOeup9lU93wchlPllbZw0MgX3LOfEUJOYmeL9HuEhjF0_q7P89hu5EfTQlnn7bmQh5moKupThIfCV-bxCyLLnAU/s1600/%25E9%2581%25B8%25E6%258A%259E%25E3%2581%25AE%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXsRhhLy7EV9nbgi45QJfJToc7iHbdVud4-NyPFcMRomkMN27N67ZDOOeup9lU93wchlPllbZw0MgX3LOfEUJOYmeL9HuEhjF0_q7P89hu5EfTQlnn7bmQh5moKupThIfCV-bxCyLLnAU/s320/%25E9%2581%25B8%25E6%258A%259E%25E3%2581%25AE%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5699633926149587634" /></a><br /><em>シーナ・アイエンガー</em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E9%81%B8%E6%8A%9E%E3%81%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6-%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC/dp/4163733507">選択の科学</a><br /><br /><br />実証的研究によってわかった<strong>『選択』</strong>に関する多くの事実を紹介しながら、<br /><strong>『選択』</strong>するとはなんなのかに迫っていきます。<br /><br /><strong>内発的動機づけにとって</strong>重要な要素のひとつが<strong>『自律性』</strong>です。<br />自律性とはすなわち自ら『選択すること』であると言えると思います。<br /><br />本書を読むまで『選択』することは『善』であると思っていましたが、<br />必ずしもそうではないことを知りました。<br /><br />誰にとって『選択』する行為が望ましいといえるのか?<br />どのように『選択』することがうまくいくのか?<br />どんな時に『選択』する行為を放棄すべきなのか?<br /><br />様々な研究結果から、『選択』することを深く考察していきます。<br /><br /><br />個人的に気になったのは以下の3点です。<br /><br /><strong>(1) 集団のためか、個人のためか</strong><br /><br />何が学習の動機づけになるかは属する文化で違う<br />個人主義的社会に暮らす人たちは、個人の意思が大切だということを幼い頃からことあるごとに叩き込まれる。<br />一方、集団主義社会に属する人たちは、義務を重視する。<br />一番重視されるのは『何をすべきか』と言うことである。<br /><br />アングロ系アメリカ人は、非選択グループや母親選択グループより、自己選択が可能な選択グループのとき、最も成績も良く、課題に自発的に取り組も時間も長かった。<br />一方、アジア系アメリカ人は母親選択グループが、最も成績が良く意欲も高かった。<br /><br />人が自分の人生にどれだけの自己決定感を持っているかは、環境に依存する。<br />つまり、その人がどれだけ個人主義的または集団主義的な環境に身を置いてきたかによって、認識が変わる。<br />だが、この認識は、選択の分配がどうあるべきかという考えにも、大きな影響を及ぼしているのだ。<br />自分を含め、人には大きな自己決定権があると考える人たちには、『からの自由』を好む傾向がある。<br />外部『からの』圧力が開放された状態である。<br />これに対して、この世の成功は運次第という信念の持ち主は『する自由』が優先される体制こそが公平だと考える。<br /><br /><br /><strong>(2) 豊富な選択肢は必ずしも利益にならない</strong><br /><br />選択肢は7つまで!(とは、本文中ではっきりと言ってはいないが)<br /><br /><br /><strong>(3) 選択の代償</strong><br /><br />我が子に延命措置を施すかどうか否かという辛い『選択』を強いられた親達の調査を通じて、<br />①医師が決定する、<br />②選択肢が提示され医師が選択する、<br />③親が選択を強いられる、<br />場合、調査結果からは、親がみずから選ぶことは、むしろ後々までつづく後悔につながるということが明らかになった。<br /><br />時に『選択』を放棄することが必要なことがある。<br />選択が人に及ぼす悪影響を軽減する方法が、徐々にわかってきた。<br />その方法とは、選択の幅をさらに広げることではなく、判断の一端を他者に委ねる、あるいは自分の行動に制約を加えることで、選択のプロセスを自分の有利に変えることである。<br /><br /><br />著者は最後にこうまとめています。<br /><br />選択は人生をきりひらく力になる。<br />わたしたちは選択を行い、そして選択自身がわたしたちを形作る。<br />科学の力を借りて巧みに選択を行うこともできるが、それでも選択が本質的に芸術であることに変わりはない。<br />選択の力を最大限に活用するには、その不確実性と矛盾を受け入れなくてはならないのだ。<br /><br />この本の原題は、選択の科学ではなく<strong>、『The Art of Choosing』</strong>です。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745253391001576310.post-15672906882255303012011-12-24T10:55:00.003+09:002011-12-24T12:36:53.079+09:00第1感 「最初の2秒」の「なんとなく」が正しい<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvqbwHh4H7IYtAo6ymXasXpsvGLwKgXK5ZTh1QQAcJNaE_TCaJ-E0rh-LmBf_xbRU3Dp59_51BgLO3j-gu_MY5NFKeqVXv0uxVGRGYIWn_rRe77V1zqo_7X8pWHLH8yrzO4vvEvayPleY/s1600/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%2584%259F.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvqbwHh4H7IYtAo6ymXasXpsvGLwKgXK5ZTh1QQAcJNaE_TCaJ-E0rh-LmBf_xbRU3Dp59_51BgLO3j-gu_MY5NFKeqVXv0uxVGRGYIWn_rRe77V1zqo_7X8pWHLH8yrzO4vvEvayPleY/s320/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E6%2584%259F.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5689533719477688018" /></a><br /><em>マルコム・グラッドウェル </em><br /><br /><a href="http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E7%AC%AC1%E6%84%9F-%E3%80%8C%E6%9C%80%E5%88%9D%E3%81%AE2%E7%A7%92%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8C%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%84-%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3-%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB/dp/4334961886/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1324691752&sr=8-1">第1感 「最初の2秒」の「なんとなく」が正しい</a><br /><br /><br />理由はわからないけど「これだ!」と思ったり、<br /><br />説明できないけど「なんか変」と感じたことはないだろうか?<br /><br />しかも一瞬で。<br /><br />人間には、理屈を超えてわかったり、感じたりする瞬間・能力がある。<br /><br />心理学で注目を集める『適応性無意識』である。<br /><br />本書ではそれを『第1感』(原題はblink=ひらめき)と命名した。<br /><br />「五感」を想定した「六感」ではなくて、「五感」の前にある無意識の反応を指す。<br /><br />医療においても、救急で検査に異常がなくても、この患者は何かヤバイと感じたり、<br /><br />理論的には説明しにくい感じでぱっと診断が浮かんだりすることが<br /><br />まさに『第1感』と言えると思います。<br /><br /><br />第一感=直感が無視できないことは経験的にもわかりますが、外れることも多々あります。<br /><br />どうしたら、第一感を伸ばすことができるのか?<br /><br />どうしたら、有効な第一感と無効な第一感を見分けることができるかの?<br /><br />を知りたかったですが、その辺には言及が及ばず、残念でした。<br /><br /><br />以下要約<br /><br />輪切りの力=<br /><br />短時間に輪切りした断片を、特殊な視点を通して処理することにより、瞬時に判断することができる。<br /><br />しかし、その特殊な視点が何ののかは、無意識的であり、意識できないことが多い。<br /><br /><br />その無意識的な特殊な視点は、意識しようとすると逆にうまく働かなくなったり、<br /><br />見た目といった他の情報に左右されやすかったり、<br /><br />情報が増えるたりストレス下だと逆に間違えたりする。<br /><br /><br />無意識的な特殊な視点を持ったプロは短時間で判断できるが、<br /><br />プロでないものは短時間では判断できず、<br /><br />結果、プロと大衆の判断は分かれることがある。<br /><br /><br />プロが行う適応性無意識には、さまざまな限界があるが、<br /><br />それでも、短時間に優れた結論に達するには有効な手段の一つである。<br /><br />その多くは無意識下に行われ、意識することは困難であるが、<br /><br />知識と経験の積み重ねで培われると考えられ、そういった人の第一感は、無視すべきではない。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17024297497290152385noreply@blogger.com0